Special Education Coursework Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Special Education - Coursework Example The discrepancies will indicate whether it is a disability or lower achievement (NICHCY, n.p.). Carmen is likely at risk for behavioral and social problems, due to poor perception by other students who has no learning disability, who are likely to perceive her as incompetent, thus alienating her from social inclusion. This will affect her self esteem, thus impacting on her behavior and ability to interact with the rest. c. Dyslexia- is characterized by difficulty with learning to read fluently and with accurate comprehension despite normal intelligence. This includes phonological awareness, phonological decoding, processing speed, orthographic coding, auditory short-term memory, language skills/ verbal comprehension, and or rapid naming. d. Dyscalculia- is difficulty in learning or comprehending arithmetic, such as difficulty in understanding numbers, and learning math facts. It is generally seen as a specific developmental disorder like

Motion Sensors Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

Motion Sensors - Research Paper Example Applications of this content distribution network are outlined, followed by a list of the benefits that are associated with use of this system, both on a performance perspective and on a business perspective. Every system has some flaws, and in light of this, the limitations of the system are also discussed. Finally, there is a discussion on the reasons for the success of the system, with an emphasis on the steps taken to improve the performance of the system and the business strategies that are employed to attract and maintain clients. This report aims to analyze the successful implementation of a database system by a major corporation. In this report, focus will be on the Akamai Content Distribution Network. It outlines how the system works, its uses, limitations, costs and profits. Finally, the business approaches used by the corporation responsible for the database system are discussed. Akamai Technologies is a company located in Massachusetts, United States of America. It provides cloud services such as content delivery, web performance solutions, cloud security services and cloud networking connectivity. The company was founded in 1998 by Dr. Tom Leighton, Daniel Lewin, Jonathan Seelig and Randall Kaplan (Akamai.com, 2015). Some of its clients include Facebook, Twitter, Yahoo! and Bing. Development of the company was motivated by a need to solve internet congestion problems which were common at the time. Creating a team of researchers, Dr. Leighton and Mr. Lewin managed to develop mathematical algorithms that could perform intelligent routing and replication of content over a large network of distributed servers. The founders obtained an MIT license for certain intellectual property and they started development in 1998. On April 1999, Akamai Technologies started offering commercial services (Akamai.com, 2015). Most of the company’s early employees were students at Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT). A

Important attributes needed for a good leader

Important attributes needed for a good leader Leadership is an attribute, its hard to define and theres tons of different definition for just the word leadership. There arent clear definition about leadership but I will do give some definition of leadership and the attribute found in the leader in leading itself. Leadership does not equal to leader because there are also leader without of leadership but of course those leader are being categorize failure. Having a leadership does not mean youre being a good leader too you may have the basic attribute but it may not be good. Basically leadership is people who are able to influence other people o attain an aim to the goal. It may not be the one who set the pathway but being a leader with leadership will allow you to influence other to achieve the goal set fast and also effectively. The simples definition of explaining leadership is that leadership is the art of motivates a group of persons to act toward achieve a common goal. In more simply way to define, the leaders is the inspiration and also a director of the decision making. A leader weather he or she is the person in a group that making decision and combination of personalities and skills that makes others person to follow their direction. In business situation, leadership is also combining to performance. Effective leaders are those who increases their companys bottom lines. To further explain the issue, we tend to use the term leadership and management changeably, refers to a companys management structure as its leadership, or to individual who are actually manager as the leaders of different management teams, it is not say that this is not good, it just point out that leader has to involve more. To be an effective and a good leader, a leader sometimes has to manage the resources at his or her disposal. But leadership also involves in communicate with people, inspire their members and supervising their workers. Three more of the main skills as a leader have to have to become successful leader it is nature born or we have to make effort to be a leader? While there are some people who seem like naturally endowed with more leadership ability than other people, but I think that people can learn to become a good and efficient leaders by concentrate to improve in particular leadership skills. Few example of position that needs leadership are manager, chairperson, coach and so forth. However people in position that are labeled managerial or supervisor have more opportunities t exert leadership. Leadership behavior is expected more frequently from supervisors and manager than from other types of employees. Such expectations often profoundly affect the behavior of both those who hold leadership positions and those around them. People act as leaders for many reasons and their effort are not necessarily aimed solely at the attainment of a groups organizations goal. So leader motives can be directed as multiple objectives, including their own objectives, instead or the organizations. A simple explanation of what leader to us is as an influence that assists a group or an organization to meet them own goal, objective and perform success. This implies that effective leadership is enabling behavior that is to help other accomplish something more than they can and also aid them in t heir work be the sole motivation of the procedure. Leader will need to monitor their subordinates too such as making sure they are on the right path to finish their job or giving the motivation so they can move on fast and be more efficient. There are some attribute that leader should have and it will be a goal for them and that is trustworthy, encouraging, honest, decisive, communicative, and also dependent. The next attribute that manager should not have is non irritable, ruthless, egocentric and asocial. These are the examples of leader attributes view as positive or negative depending on culture are ambitious, individualistic, cautious, class conscious and evasive. But in different culture it may be different for example individualistic is good as in when youre working in United State of America but not when youre working in Japan. There are a few lists to roughly define as good leaders that are a leader plans, the main job of leadership is being prepare rather than waiting. Sometime leaders will make crises, but that does not mean leader will sit around and let the crises develop. A good Leader will involves through identify the problems and solve them before they reach the crisis proportion and leader should have t he ability to identify and reap potential windfall. So a good leader should analyzes and plan and adapt his plan to new circumstance and opportunity. Next a good and efficient leader should have his vision. A vision is essential to good leadership. A vision can provides direction for them to move on if without vision and direction, the business may dont know the way should move on. So if you dont have one vision for your business, take your first step towards leadership by creating a Vision Statement for your business. Because it embodies your dreams and passion, a vision statement will also serve as a leadership vision. Responsibilities are important tool for a business. A leader will take charge at this stage by using their leadership, and put the leadership vision and planning together to implementing a specific plan to help to improve the businesss bottom line or make responses to the crisis. As a leader is the person who makes the decision or see that the appropriate actions ar e carried out. A leader had needed to act and to be seen as taking effective action for the best of your business. Last explanation is the motivation and inspiration from leaders. This is because a leader inspires through example, if I asked you, you could easily name three people whose have the leadership qualities to inspire you. If I asked you why, youd tell me about the things these inspiring people did or are doing. Leadership is defined through action. Therefore, in developing your own leadership skills, you have to show in ways that are fit to your leadership, vision and yourself all the time. We can all name many actions of other people whom we have admire, but what that inspire us is the integrity that give these actions meaning. Becoming a leader is not easy because it takes a conscious commitment and consistent effort to develop ones leadership skills. But on the positive side, a person would like to become a good leader has to make effort to it and as a good leader is cr itical to business success, your efforts to improve your leadership skills will be amply rewarded. By working on these five keys of leadership, you can become a successful leader in your business needs and run it efficiently. With these attribute and example there are a few different type of leadership, first it will be the organizational leadership that means it is an interpersonal process that involves attempts to influence other person in an organization goals. Secondly, it will be the effective leadership who influence that assists a group or organization to perform successful and meet their goals and objectives. Thirdly its the rarest and most unique type of leadership whose born with and hardly can be found, that is charismatic leader it is a leadership by someone who has influence over others based on individual inspiration qualities rather than formal power. Fourthly there is transformational leadership, its a leadership that motivates follower to ignore self interests and work for the larger good of the organization to achieve significant accomplishments, emphasis is on articulating vision that will convince subordinates to make major changes. Next it will be transactional leadership, it is a typ e of leadership that focus on motivating followers self interests by exchanging rewards for their compliance. Emphasis is on having subordinates implement procedures correctly and make needed, but relatively routine, changes. Leadership comes in many forms from different perspective from different people who shares different thinking. But majority do still share the same concept. Leadership come in a form that is trainable, charismatic will be hard but nothing is impossible. It is always good for a leader who is trained from the scratch because it will make them more experience and durable in case there will be any harsh or tough battle they may face. Leader are the one who taking the lead and will be the one who will help its subordinate and managing their work inspire them and keep them motivated with their top form and not giving out easily. Leader play a great role in task managing, a great leader will have the job done fast and efficient producing great and awesome result. Where as bad leader will produce job thats in contrast from great leader causing it to be crappy and un reliable. Leadership come in a very great role is everything, for example a great teacher or lecturer will produce great studen t its alike to the job that is done by great leader. Which it will highly affect the outcome of everything. With a great leader the employee will also give them respect doing work with their heart rather than just gaining the pay check for every month. If a leader isnt respected the employee wouldnt abide their rule and would now fully taking the order. So I would like to conclude that leadership plays a big role in business and it will make a great difference.

Anti-Dumping Essay -- essays research papers

Antidumping law and practice- USA and China. Among the trilogy of trade remedy regimes- countervailing duty, safeguard and antidumping actions- antidumping actions are by far the remedy of choice. It’s a measure internationally adopted to stop unfair competition, regulate international market order and protect the security of the national industries. It’s adopted by an increasing number of countries as it’s playing an increasingly important role in international trade. It’s perhaps the most controversial subject involving foreign trade. The United States is the world’s biggest user of antidumping and has been for decades. China, on the other hand, has been the number-one target of antidumping by most countries for the past decade. The first dumping lawsuit against china came in 1979 when Europeans accused Chinese saccharin manufacturers of dumping. If a company exports a product at a price lower than the price it normally charges on its own home market, it is said to be â€Å"dumping† the product. The WTO agreement does not pass judgment. Its focus is on how governments can or cannot react to dumping- it disciplines antidumping actions, and it is often called the â€Å"Antidumping Agreement† (The Agreement on Implementation of article VI of the General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade 1994). Antidumping refers to a legal system under which the government of a country investigates the dumping of imports and take corresponding antidumping measures in accordance with the law. Broadly speaking, the WTO agreement allows governments to act against dumping where there is genuine (â€Å"material†) injury to the competing domestic industry. In order to do that the government has to be able to show that dumping is taking place, calculate the extent of dumping and show that the dumping is causing injury or threatening to do so. Typically, antidumping action means charging extra import duty on the particular product from the particular exporting country in order to â€Å"bring† its price closer to the â€Å"normal value† or to remove the injury to domestic industry in the importing country. There are many different ways of calculating whether a particular product is being dumped. The agreement (AD Agreement) narrows down the range of possible options to three methods. The main one is based on the price in the exporter’s domestic market. When this cannot be used, two alternatives are availa... ...s and harming for an average American consumer. Antidumping is a widely used remedy in international trade. Some countries use it more commonly than others. Some initiate a lot of antidumping cases, other are targets of these initiations. There are as many defenders as opponents nation and worldwide. Antidumping actions are to some extent very subjective and it makes it, among other arguments, a very controversial tool. Some even find it a threat to the international trade and prove that it is against free trade. Antidumping involves too many emotions and political influence. In many cases it’s a very short-term remedy for a difficult situation. However, it makes life more difficult for those thinking about predatory entrance and unfair competition. Both are against market order and fair competition with equal opportunities for everybody. It’s unethical and harmful to win a market with forbidden actions. Antidumping will still arouse emotions and protests: as long as there will be countries which antidumping institut ions are under political pressure to protect particular sectors/industries and as long as there will countries willing to win foreign markets no matter what price.

Dystopian World

The Houses of Parliament was now a ghost building; there had not been a government since the assassination of Prime Minister Smith, which was a good, yet sinister event, for it was PM Smith who had caused this global never-ending power cut. The situation PM Smith had left us in was abhorrent to us all. As I was looking at the vacated Houses of Parliament noticed the Victorian clock Big Ben had completely stopped. This eerie feature made the clock feel as if the world had stopped in this dramatic time change.It was as if time had stopped around me and I was the only person left on a deserted island. The rasping sound of the cold air that blew around me was high pitched. I knew vaguely that it was about 1 pm on an August afternoon, but there was, again, very little sun. The sun shining was a rare and distant thing. I looked up in desperation at the clouds and saw cascading radiation of light seeping through the dark clouds. I was about to turn away when suddenly I saw SST Pall's Cathed ral. The landmark dome had survived the bombings of WorldWar II where everything around it was crumbling away. This building showed the great British spirit during the war and represented how the building stayed strong, just like the country did throughout 1939-1945. However, this building was now smoking, the dark black smoke rose from the top like steam from a boiled kettle. I stumbled towards the building, trekking through the soft wet mud at the bottom of the river bank. As I got closer and closer, the smell of burning metal was flowing through my nose and could start to see that the top part of the dome was slowly burning away. S saddened to see such marvelous architecture burning away. This stirred emotional memories back to me from 2004 when I was a young boy growing up, when everything was perfect and the country was normal. I had come to the great City with my family for a River Cruise bringing my beloved teddy bear that I had since I was a day old. This bear had been every where with me but on this day the most awful thing happened which I remember so strongly to this day, that my bear had fallen out of my hands into the depths of the water.This feeling of utter deadness and loss falls upon me once more. The most popular City in the world had drastically changed into a grotesque, distorted waste. The City of London was gone and it would never be put right. All the worlds' power is no longer available. There were a few dead bodies frozen in time with rigorists and their bodies covered in film of despair. I looked down at one body and could see long strands of hair covering the pale hard skin. The body I was looking at was of a young girl who had been abandoned by her family because she was too weak to carry on walking.I crouched down and felt a desperate sadness and shiver run down my spine for I had never been this close to a dead person before. I brushed the hair to one side of her face and then I could see her lost, colorless eyes staring into space . The overwhelming feeling the small girl gave me meant could not stay for long and I soon got up and left her. I felt like the only man alive and was soon getting lonely and tired, knowing I was going to end up like that small, exposed girl.It was at that point felt specks of rain bouncing off my face and within a few minutes the heavens opened ND rain was cascading down like a waterfall. With no other clothes I had to find cover. I looked behind me and saw what used to be the famous London Eye. Quickly trekked through the mud until saw a glass cabin of one of the pods of the London Eye. Without contemplating the consequence that I might suffer I entered the murky glass pod and was now sheltered from the pouring rain. As I looked up at the pod the rain leapt off the sides in mass quantity. Ad never been in a war zone before but this is what London felt like. Every. Here I looked could see buildings reduced to ruins, my home being one of them and walls crumbled down into large rigid pieces and all the pathways had been disintegrated into mud baths. It was scary. I knew there was no one out there to kill me but I feared for my life because of the unnatural weather and conditions that has been thrown on planet earth. I lost my belief in God a long time ago but now found myself praying for this world to be changed back to what it used to be.Soon after the prayer I noticed that the rain had finally settled down and to my amazement through he clouds came the brightest sun. Got out of the cramped murky port of the London Eye and stood up. I could not believe my eyes, I felt like I was on the set of a movie, or a miracle was happening as a huge colorful rainbow went over the crumbling Houses of Parliament as if it were a sign. I stared at this rainbow with my mouth wide open. All seven colors looked immense and spiritual and for the first time in many years felt that the spread of new life, hope and security was being radiated over the land. Faith is truly a wonderfu l thing.

Polymer Processing

Chapter 3. Polymer Processing Polymer Process Techniques Fig. 3. 1. Procedure for casting sheets of polymer. Polymer Materials Page ? 2 Polymer Process Techniques HEMA = hydroxyethyl methacrylate EGDMA = ethylene glycol dimethacrylate Fig. 3. 2. Centrifugal mold for poly(hydroxyethyl methacrylate) contact lenses Solvent casting of films Fig. 3. 3. Laboratory spreading device for the solution casting of films. Polymer Materials Page ? 3 Polymer Process Techniques Roll casting Fig. 3. 4. Knife coating of a polymer onto a film. Polymer Materials Page ? 4 Polymer Process TechniquesFig. 3. 5. Polymer casting bench. Polymer Materials Page ? 5 Polymer Process Techniques Fig. 3. 6. Solution casting of films on an industrial scale with the use of rotating metal drums. Polymer Materials Page ? 6 Polymer Process Techniques Fig. 3. 7. Use of a moving-belt system for the continuous solution casting of polymer films. Polymer Materials Page ? 7 Polymer Process Techniques Fig. 3. 8. ‘Bubbleâ⠂¬â„¢ blowing of films. Polymer Materials Page ? 8 Polymer Process Techniques Fig. 3. 9. Film manufacture by calendering. Polymer Materials Page ? 9 Polymer Process TechniquesMethods for melt processing of films Fig. 3. 10. Hydraulic press for the melt pressing of polymer films. Polymer Materials Page ? 10 Polymer Process Techniques Fig. 3. 11. Sequence of operations for the melt extrusion of polymer films. Polymer Materials Page ? 11 Polymer Process Techniques Fig. 3. 12. Diagram of a plastics extruder. Polymer Materials Page ? 12 Polymer Process Techniques Fig. 3. 13. Diagram of a compression-molding press and mold. Polymer Materials Page ? 13 Polymer Process Techniques Melt process Fig. 3. 14. Diagram of an injection-molding machine. Polymer MaterialsPage ? 14 Polymer Process Techniques Fig. 3. 15. Thermoforming of polymer sheets. Polymer Materials Page ? 15 Polymer Process Techniques Fig. 3. 16. ‘Plug flow reactor’ to manufacture radiation crosslinked tubings or bel ts. Polymer Materials Page ? 16 Polymer Process Techniques Reaction Injection Molding (RIM) Advantages: ? Large parts ? Low viscosity ? Inexpensive Materials : ? Urethanes ? Polyureas ? Nylon ? Polyolefins Fig. 3. 17. Reaction injection molding (RIM) device to produce reinforced polyurethanes. ? Cylinder charged with diol and triol plus dibutyltin dilaurate ?Cylinder charged with molten diisocyanate ? Half of split mold ? Half of split mold ? Cavity to be filled with reinforcing fiber, then with mixed liquid from nozzle ? Nozzle for mixing streams from ? and ? Polymer Materials Page ? 17 Polymer Process Techniques Fig. 3. 18. Apparatus for the laboratory wet spinning of fibers. Polymer Materials Page ? 18 Polymer Process Techniques Fig. 3. 19. Use of a motor-driven syringe pump for the laboratory preparation of wet-spun fibers. Polymer Materials Page ? 19 Polymer Process Techniques Fig. 3. 20. Laboratory assembly for the ry spinning of fibers. Polymer Materials Page ? 20 Polymer Pro cess Techniques Fig. 3. 21. Industrial wet spinning. Polymer Materials Page ? 21 Polymer Process Techniques Fig. 3. 22. Laboratory or pilot-plant equipment for the melt extrusion of fibers. Polymer Materials Page ? 22 Polymer Process Techniques Fig. 3. 23. Manufacturing equipment for the dry spinning of fibers. Polymer Materials Page ? 23 Polymer Process Techniques Fig. 3. 24. Equipment for the melt spinning of fibers on an industrial scale. Polymer Materials Page ? 24 Polymer Process Techniques Fig. 3. 25.Three methods for the continuous orientation of synthetic fibers. (a) The fiber passes round a ‘peg’ which stabilizes the stretch orientation being induced by the faster-turning set of rollers. (b) The faster-turning drum stretches the polymer in the orientation zone. With this technique some difficulty may be experienced with stabilization of this zone. (c) The two drums turn at the same speed. But the fiber is stretched because of the greater circumference of the se cond drum. Polymer Materials Page ? 25 Polymer Process Techniques Processing of Elastomers (Vulcanizable) Fig. 3. 26.Reactor to manufacture four-ply valcanized rubber belts. Polymer Materials Page ? 26 Polymer Process Techniques Fig. 3. 27. Tire molding process Polymer Materials Page ? 27 Polymer Process Techniques Composite & Laminate Processing Fig. 3. 28. Plug-flow reactor to form epoxy resin preimpregnated sheet. Polymer Materials Page ? 28 Polymer Process Techniques Fig. 3. 29. ‘Batch reactor’ to manufacture glass-fiber reinforced polyesters. Polymer Materials Page ? 29 Polymer Process Techniques Fig. 3. 30. Procedure used to manufacture fiber reinforced epoxy resins. Polymer Materials Page ? 30

Pride and Pejudice essays

Pride and Pejudice essays In Jane Austen's novel, Pride and Prejudice, she created a realistic family image, by introducing some of the imperfections that many families encounter. The Bennet family, consisting of five daughters, a marriage obsessed mother, and an unhappily married father, contain many of these difficulties. Throughout the love, joy, heartache and pain, which evolved from the series of events the Bennet family encountered, one character in particular, Miss Elizabeth Bennet, viewed her family from another perspective. Elizabeth Bennet, though a very loving and respectable woman, had developed a rather poor opinion of her family: "Had Elizabeth's opinion been all drawn from her own family, she could not have formed a very pleasing picture of conjugal felicity or domestic comfort"(Pg. 209). As the second daughter of her family, Elizabeth had to deal with the many discomforts of being a daughter of five. Though Elizabeth loved her sisters dearly, she found it difficult not to see the differences between them, and in turn, each of their actions contributed to her perspective of her family. One sister in particular, Miss Lydia Bennet, caused Elizabeth the greatest concern. Lydia was a " self-willed and careless"(Pg.189) individual that cared only about men and marriage. As one of the youngest sisters, Lydia felt neglected from the opportunities her eldest sisters received. In turn, Lydia became the flirt of the family, causing embarrassment not only to herself, but as well to her family. When L ydia eloped to London, Elizabeth feared that the source of her behavior was derived from the negative behavior of her parents. Not only did Elizabeth fear for Lydia's sake, she feared as well for her other sister, Catherine, who was under the direct influence of Lydia: "Catherine, weak-spirited, irritable, and completely under Lydia's guidance"(Pg.189). While "supported by their mother's indulgence"(Pg.189), the two "ignorant, ...

My Spiritual Gift Example

My Spiritual Gift Example My Spiritual Gift – Coursework Example My Spiritual Gift It has been said that every human being is blessed with unique gifts. I too have been blessed with a ministering spiritual gift. I started developing interest in church at a very tender age of about seven. I never knew where I was heading to nor what I really wanted in church but I realized that I really loved it. Some years later I became so active, always trying to serve the church through various activities like joining choir and doing some voluntary work. One day when I was just sitting while listening to a gospel program in the radio, I heard of some interesting verse from the book of Luke. The verse was read so fast that I couldn’t get the exact words. So I grabbed my bible to check the out the verse. The main reason that made me want to find this chapter is because I wondered how the Holly Spirit can make someone to serve the poor. Through my trying to find the exact verse, I gained interest in the Bible and before I knew it I was reading the whole boo k of Luke, chapter by chapter. When I got this chapter, Luke 4:18 to be exact, I felt something strange touch me. The service to the poor I had thought of was not exact, but it said preaching to the poor. This day was on a Saturday and I felt some strong urge to share it with my pastor on Sunday, the following day. That is when my pastor informed me that may be God has given me that gift of ministering, and he encouraged me to try preaching. My first attempt was not very moving and I got discouraged but I never gave up. As we speak today, I am a youth pastor at my church. In conclusion, with this gift I have helped people convert from their sinful ways and therefore I am helping build the society and above all, I am bringing people to God.

History of Canopy Beds

History of Canopy Beds A  popular email hoax  has spread all sorts of misinformation about the Middle Ages and The Bad Old Days. Here we look at the use of canopy beds. From the Hoax There was nothing to stop things from falling into the house. This posed a real problem in the bedroom where bugs and other droppings could really mess up your nice clean bed. Hence, a bed with big posts and a sheet hung over the top afforded some protection. Thats how canopy beds came into existence. The Facts In most castles and manor houses and in some town dwellings, materials such as wood, clay tiles, and stone were used for roofing. All served even better than thatch to stop things from falling into the house. Poor peasant folk, who were the most likely to suffer the annoyances brought about by an ill-kept thatch roof, commonly slept on straw pallets on the floor or in a loft.1 They did not have canopy beds to keep out falling dead wasps and rat droppings. Wealthier people didnt need canopies to keep out things that dropped from the roof, yet wealthy people such as noble lords and ladies or prosperous burghers did have beds with canopies and curtains. Why? Because the canopy beds used in medieval England and Europe have their origins in an entirely different domestic situation. In the earliest days of the European castle, the lord and his family slept in the great hall, along with all their servants. The noble familys sleeping area was usually at one end of the hall and was separated from the rest by simple curtains.2 In time, castle builders constructed separate chambers for the nobility, but though lords and ladies had their bed(s) to themselves, attendants might share the room for convenience and security. For the sake of warmth as well as privacy, the lords bed was curtained, and his attendants slept on simple pallets on the floor, on trundle beds, or on benches. A knight or ladys bed was large and wood-framed, and its springs were interlaced ropes or leather strips upon which a feather mattress would rest. It had sheets, fur coverlets, quilts, and pillows, and it could be fairly easily dismantled and transported to other castles when the lord made a tour of his holdings.​3 Originally, curtains were hung from the ceiling, but as the bed evolved, a frame was added to support a canopy, or tester, from which the curtains hung.4 Similar beds were welcome additions to townhomes, which werent necessarily warmer than castles. And, as in matters of manners and dress, prosperous town-folk emulated the nobility in the style of furnishings used in their homes. Sources 1. Gies, Frances Gies, Joseph, Life in a Medieval Village (HarperPerennial, 1991), p. 93. 2. Gies, Frances Gies, Joseph, Life in a Medieval Castle (HarperPerennial, 1974), p. 67. 3. Ibid, p. 68. 4. bed  Encyclopà ¦dia Britannica [Accessed April 16, 2002; verified June 26, 2015].

Explain the terms span of control and control loss. Are these concepts Essay - 1

Explain the terms span of control and control loss. Are these concepts useful in understanding the design of organizations - Essay Example The early researchers have given a great consideration towards the ideal specific number of span of control and it has been generally assumed that small span of control maintains close control. It is believed that if the manager fails to achieve the control over its subordinates, then the issue of control loss may arise. Control loss is another important concept in the organisations. Actually span of control gives a control to managers over their subordinates. When the span of control is wide and organisation has a decentralised structure, the managers have less control over their subordinates and they encourage their employees to work in more independence. Galbraith and Williamson argue that decentralisation in organisations reduces the information costs and enhance the organisational efficiency however; it can contribute to control loss (Stevens, 1993, pp. 10). In this essay, the importance of the concepts of span of control and control loss has been discussed to understand the org anisational designs. Span of control is very important when it comes to design the structure of the organisations. Span of control is of the major determinants of the organisational structure. A relatively wide span of control and few hierarchical levels form a flat organisational structure. ... It means that span of control, control loss and organisational design are interrelated concepts and organisations have to consider the role of span of control and control loss in the organisational designs. Ivancevich, Konopaske, & Matteson (2008, pp.540) argue that creation of organisational design involves four major decisions including the decision of division of labour, the decisions of delegation of authority, the decision of departmentalisation and decision of span of control. Actually span of control is a major determinant of organisational design because it creates the number of hierarchical levels in the organisations. Span of control not only defines the relationships of formally assigned subordinated but it also considers those who have access to manager. To achieve the defined organisation objectives, designing the right organisational design and structure if very important. The process of development of organisational design with setting the goals and objectives of organ isational design and the next step is to group or relate the various functions, in which the concept of span of control is very important (Amrine, Ritchey, Moodie & Kmec, 1993, pp.88). For example, if few functions logically relate to each, they can be groups under one group and through span of control the reporting of the employees can be determined like who will report to whom. The researchers have always been interested in determining how an ideal span of control contributes to a good organisational design. Fisch (1963 cited in Dive, 2004, pp.115) argues that if the number of subordinated reporting to each manager is too small (in other words, if the span of control is narrow), the company will be too heavy, costly to run,

Organisational Behaviour Case Study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Organisational Behaviour - Case Study Example Lack of managerial control is a key OB issue related to the case. It can be observed that Anne Parker, the senior branch assistant, fails to control the junior employee Ronny Tristan. The newly joined Ronny Tristan is not taking his immediate boss seriously. That means Anne fails apply authority properly. A number of times Anne has complained about Tristan to the top level management. It reinforces the fact that lack of managerial control is evident from the side of Anne Parker. The behaviour of Ronny Tristan is not only pinching Anne but also causing problems for the official environment. Unfortunately lack of managerial control has created deadlock for the situation. Sometimes Anne is getting harsh with Ronny and sometimes behaving in soft way. This kind of inconsistency is creating less managerial control. Lack of accountability from the side of Ronny Tristan is also an important issue in this case. One thing is clear that Ronny Tristan is not giving his hundred percent in his works. His focuses are not at all there. He is taking his bosses pretty lightly. In spite of number of warnings or whistle blowing form Anne, Ronny is not taking them seriously. It means there is a significant problem regarding the accountability of Ronny. Day by day scale of business operations is gaining momentums. It requires significant accountability from all the levels of the organization. But that amount of accountability is missing from the side of Ronny. He is not at all cooperating with other staffs and his boss. His attitudes towards the stipulated works are not proper. In this case team problem is highly evident. Team environment is an integral part of the organizational behaviour. In this case that team environment specifically between Anne and Ronny is missing. There is a clear cut evidence of disconnection between these two persons. In every

What is a Social Trap Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

What is a Social Trap - Essay Example Both in the context of social traps and in the context of paradoxes, it is seen that long-term circumstantial effects must be taken into consideration when one makes a decision; and it is not proper to neglect them for the sake of short-term benefits of an individual or a group (Bazerman and Samuelson, 1983, p. 632). 2. Social traps are mostly representative of situations where a single individual or a collective group of individuals focus on generating short-term benefits in the form of profits and increased revenues from an unexpected window of opportunity through the use of a favorable law or practice ( Platt, 1973, p. 641). Social traps arise mostly due to the process of increasingly indulging in business activities today, which leads to long-term complications in the future. The complications are mutually exclusive in nature, and this eventually leads to a scenario of situational deadlock. Due to social traps, it is seen that individuals mostly resort to a similar line of reason ing in the issues that show the promise of a good opportunity which can help satisfy business or individual needs. Talking in lines of the ‘Tales of the Unexpected’, it can be said that the making, delivering and effectively executing critical decisions for the benefits of a particular scenario requires effective implementation of ideas based on common sense and rational logic (Drummond, 2001, p. 148) The piece also draws the attention of the readers to the importance of the maintenance of the fine level of balance in the case of a logically taken decision and to the evaluation of all related possibilities; it discourages from taking decisions on the basis of focus on immediate gains and opportunities. Paradoxes in the process of decision-making exist, as some problems come directly in conflict with the theory of utility and the choices that can be made (Goldstein and Hogarth, n.d., p.12). The paradoxes are created mainly because people prefer to simultaneously stick to the rational approach to decision-making and to adhere to the established rules and guidelines (Hitt, Black, and Porter, 2005, p. 370).

DB7&8 Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

DB7 - Essay Example It should not be the case where trainers boss trainees around rather than that, they should interact as friends and knowing one another by names. Studies have shown that even a simple thing like addressing trainees by name boosts the relationship between them and the trainer (Wexler& Garry 2002). When dealing with a conflict involving trainees, a trainer has to come up with several strategies to solve it. In this case, the best conflict manager always comes out with a perfect way to stop the conflict and make sure that it may never happen in future. When solving a conflict, the trainer is supposed to be of sound judgment and be as fair as possible. This can only be achieved if the trainer is following the proper conflict management strategies. On the contrary, I experienced one incident where the trainer would shout at the trainees who were conflicting and order them stop and be friends or else he would expel them. My suggestion to resolving such a conflict will involve listening, understanding and trying to resolve the conflict. First and foremost, listening involves summoning both trainees and let them narrate their side of story. In line with that, a trainer should also ensure the other trainer is listening; this way he is sure they are communicating on the same page. After both trainees have narrated their stories, make it clear that you are there to help resolve the conflict. It is important for the trainees to understand that you don’t have a magical solution to their conflict rather you are there to help them find a solution. It is important to make sure that you maintain your objectivity even when you know 100% that it is trainer B that wronged trainer A. jumping to trainers A side will make trainer B feel like you are both ganging against him/her (Wexler& Garry 2002).. Maintaining the calmness is vital: Anger blurs ones judgment. In other words since both parties are angry and maybe almost

Red bull strategy Coursework Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Red bull strategy - Coursework Example On January 2035 the executive of Red bull is from a seminar and he reflects back 20years back on the pivotal meeting he had with the management ranks in 2014. In that strategic period of time, Red bull has drastically undergone robust growth strides and is the biggest energy drink producing and merchandising company. Reed bull is now selling its products in every province, of each nation around the globe. The combining ratio of the corporation has become the envy of each company in the retail sector. Profitability of the organization has been increasing every year in the past 20 years, and the company has as a result attained a war chest that has put it in a position to acquire other small companies. The operational, and distribution models of Red bull regionally and internationally are platforms for the exercise and sharing of best practice worldwide. The models have improved Red bull’s efficiency through the implementation of automation and centralization and at the same tim e have devolved decision making to the location level of Red bull internationally. The highly advanced quality of production and customer involvement in the product formulation continue offering Red bull distinguished competitive advantage over its rivals. The Chief executive is contented that the actions he took for creation of the future in 2014 have bore excellent results. Red bull is a regional company that has its focus on retail services. In the year 2014, Redbull’s business experienced challenge from retailers that had the capability of merchandising regionally. The competition was experienced on a combined proportion, which made it very difficult for Red bull, a regional merchandiser to withstand. Red bull is capable of offering special products that are custom made for various segments of its market share. However, the cost of providing the special products adversely affects Red bull’s combined ratio, causing Red bull to

Efficiency and Competitiveness by Information System of Marston Tools Assignment

Efficiency and Competitiveness by Information System of Marston Tools - Assignment Example The industry faces a high level of competitive rivalry. The threat of new entrants is high given the increased competition from manufacturers overseas. There is also competition from lower cost substitute products. Changes in the manufacturing technology have been copied by manufacturers in countries where the same manufacturers have the added benefits of lower materials and labour costs. As a result the industry has been flooded with lower cost substitute products. Because of the availability of these substitute products, the customers have more bargaining power. This means that Marston Tools must be able to maintain a high level of manufacturing quality in order to remain competitive. By integrating information systems strategy with business strategy, the company will be able to achieve this objective. When it comes to acquiring and developing the right business information systems, Porter’s five forces should be assessed in terms of how they impact upon the company’s profitability. As the previous analysis indicates, the industry is characterized by changes in the products and manufacturing technology. This increases the competition. ... The company’s information strategy should be formulated accordingly. As mentioned before, the industry experiences changes in the products and manufacturing technology. Porter’s five forces analysis reveals that these changes can easily be copied by manufacturers overseas who also have the added benefits of lower materials and labour costs. Therefore Marston should not define operational effectiveness in terms of continuously improving the manufacturing technology leading to proprietary content or distinctive processes (Kotler and Armstrong, 2005). Rather it should be defined in terms of delivering unique value to the customers in the form of higher quality. Therefore when it comes to the design and acquisition of information systems, the management should focus upon creating a system that is aligned to the strategic objective of delivering high quality to the customers. In this manner the company raises switching costs thus lowering the bargaining power of buyers. The company operates in an industry which has a high threat of new entrants, a high threat of substitute products and high bargaining power from the buyers. Value chain Currently the company is operating a computer-based system of production scheduling and control. This enables the company to facilitate coordination of different departments by creating a production schedule based upon orders received and sales forecasted. However the company is still facing problems in guaranteeing customer delivery dates and this is affecting sales. Therefore the new business information system should address this problem. However the implementation of the information system will affect both primary

Red bull strategy Coursework Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Red bull strategy - Coursework Example On January 2035 the executive of Red bull is from a seminar and he reflects back 20years back on the pivotal meeting he had with the management ranks in 2014. In that strategic period of time, Red bull has drastically undergone robust growth strides and is the biggest energy drink producing and merchandising company. Reed bull is now selling its products in every province, of each nation around the globe. The combining ratio of the corporation has become the envy of each company in the retail sector. Profitability of the organization has been increasing every year in the past 20 years, and the company has as a result attained a war chest that has put it in a position to acquire other small companies. The operational, and distribution models of Red bull regionally and internationally are platforms for the exercise and sharing of best practice worldwide. The models have improved Red bull’s efficiency through the implementation of automation and centralization and at the same tim e have devolved decision making to the location level of Red bull internationally. The highly advanced quality of production and customer involvement in the product formulation continue offering Red bull distinguished competitive advantage over its rivals. The Chief executive is contented that the actions he took for creation of the future in 2014 have bore excellent results. Red bull is a regional company that has its focus on retail services. In the year 2014, Redbull’s business experienced challenge from retailers that had the capability of merchandising regionally. The competition was experienced on a combined proportion, which made it very difficult for Red bull, a regional merchandiser to withstand. Red bull is capable of offering special products that are custom made for various segments of its market share. However, the cost of providing the special products adversely affects Red bull’s combined ratio, causing Red bull to

Nissim Ezekiel Treatment of Poetry Essay Example for Free

Nissim Ezekiel Treatment of Poetry Essay Nissim Ezekiel’s poem Enterprise describes a metaphorical journey toward a specific goal. The travelers on this journey begin in a real physical place, a desert, and argue about how to cross this challenging landscape. One of the members of the group, who writes the most stylish prose, goes his own way. The rest of the group is left on its own. Some quit the team. The group is attacked by travelers, and over time become unmoved by anything they witness. Fatigue and the stresses of travel have settled in and many of the members of the group cannot go on. By the fifth stanza, the picture ahead is grim. The enthusiasm has faded and their burdens are heavy. Their vision is clouded with the disintegration of the group and their exhaustion. The well-focused goal presented in the first stanza is lost. The travelers are a disorganized group of aimless wanderers unaware any longer of the original motivation for their expedition. Their observations at this point in the poem are about trivial things. In the last stanza, the travelers reach their destination; however, it is not quite home. Ezekiel concludes that this type of expedition is not a worthy undertaking; living â€Å"at home† with inner satisfaction is the greatest achievement of all. The travelers’ consider their journey and have moments of introspection. They come to the conclusion that their expedition has been neither pioneering or notable for any reason. They had thought their journey would make a mark in history. The only problem is that others have made this journey before. It is nothing new. The journey of â€Å"Enterprise† is a metaphor for life and our focus on the destination as the only means for our goals. Some critics have noted that Ezekiel’s â€Å"Enterprise† is also his attempt to bring together two â€Å"homes†: his place of birth and his journey to a European city. His exploration of the idea of â€Å"home† is sophisticated enough to be compared to the same themes in the poetry of Robert Frost, for example.

Tackling Inactivity in Disabled Young People

Tackling Inactivity in Disabled Young People Introduction In accordance with the Equality Act 2010, disability requires an individual to have mental, physical, sensory impairment and chronic diseases to be classified disabled. Therefore, the individuals disability is considered to have long-standing influence on their ability to carry out the normal day-to-day activities (EA, 2010). Carlon et al. (2013) and Frey et al., (2008) both state that the challenges that disabled children face in everyday life can mean that they see sport and physical activity as something which is beyond their reach. Children with disability participate less in physical activity compared to their peers. Less than 2 in 10 disabled people (18 %) in England are taking part in sport once a week meaning that disabled people are more than half as likely to be active as non-disabled people (39%) (EFDS, 2014). This data is based on adults with disability, which reflects on young children with disability. The reasons for inferior levels of partaking in physical activity or sport for children with disability are diverse (Heah et al, 2007). The aim of this report is to identify and analyse the key barriers faced by disabled young people at each of the stages using the Behaviour Change Model, by recognising two barriers at each stage that are placed in the context of existing research or reports. As well as reviewing and justifying, the most effective actions to reduce or remove barriers faced by disabled young people at every stage, by drawing evidence based solutions to overcome those barriers from past pr ogrammes, research or reports. An individuals impairment influences on their ability to carry out the normal day-to-day activities, so it is generally not something that inspires them. However, their attitudes and motivations are more likely to be driven by one or more of the following key values of; Maintaining health, independence, having relationship, progressing in life, having fun and having a positive self-image (EFDS, 2014). For that reason, persuading and inspiring children with disability to participate, the opportunities provided to them needs to be connect with these values that are important to them rather than their impairment (EFDS, 2014). Pre-contemplation At this stage, sport is not even considered a possibility; a lack of awareness of other individuals with a disability taking part in sport can act as a barrier and may not be aware of others participating in sport. Where these individuals have had limited or no exposure to others taking part, it brings about the assumption that people with disability either cannot or do not do sports. As a result, sport is not seen as an option for them (Porter, 2001). Maloney et al., (1993) found that the key barrier to participation was an individuals impairment, those with several impairments were less likely to be involved compared to those with one impairment. Societal stereotypes negative attitudes, of disability and a lack of acceptance by others are also well recognised barriers to participation according to Jones, (2003) and Kang et al., (2007) as they inhibit interest in physical activity among children with a disability (Tsai and Fung, 2005) In addition, Sports and disability convey negative stereotypes that are often represented by the media, these generate social barriers for the disabled, in the extent of social perception (Barton, 2001). Those hurdles can be overcome with more positive exposure in the media, such as a similar campaign as This Girl Can but for those with a disability (Sport England, 2017) The 2012 Paralympics Games has provided inspiration and role models for people with disabilities to become involved in sport at all levels, as well as helping to change the perceptions of many amongst the non-disabled population regarding what people with disabilities are capable of (Ferrara et al, 2015) Contemplation At this stage, the individual is aware of possible benefits and start to consider the possibility of participating in sport. However, they have not made the decision to participate yet, they are still weighting the pros and cons of taking part (Porter, 2001). Attitudes of significant others is crucial at this stage, parents and families are key to whether a child with disability is physically active. Parents are a childs key supporter in their participation both practically and financially (Trost et al, 2003). in spite of this, they can act as a barrier if they share concern or lack of confidence about the individual with a disability participating in sport. According to Porter (2001) this is a problem for Dependants and Unconfidents; Dependants lack confidence and tend to be reliant upon others. Unconfidents are the middle ground of Dependants and Independents and are more willing to participate. Another barrier faced at this stage is lack of awareness of appropriate sporting environments. Arthur and Finch (1999) found that lack of information held by individuals with a disability prompted to low awareness of the possible appropriate sport facilities and sporting activities. Both barriers can be overcome by Effective Advertising that could inspire participation by including information on skill levels, instruction, program goals, transport and staffing (Anderson et al, 2005). As well as distributed locally where the target group can get hold of it, it should be inviting particularly for first time users (Anderson et al, 2005 and Hunter, 2009). Also, programmes such as the 5 Star Disability Challenge, they use sport to positively challenge negative attitudes and misconceptions about people with disabilities. 37,319 children from 256 schools and community organisations participated in the project since its been launched in 2009. The programme uses disabled sports people to deliver an awareness raising presentation to pupils in schools and parents, followed by a practical sport sessions that allows children the opportunity to complete a circuit of fun based challenges each based on a Paralympics sport (DSNI, 2014) Preparation At this stage of the behavioural change, they still have not started participating. However, they starting to value potential benefits and are considering what is available (Porter, 2001). A barrier at this stage is lack of appropriate activities. Paciorek and Jones (2001) state that access to facilities and the equipment required are the reason that the majority do not take part. Programmes such as Disability Sport Donegal set up in Ireland can overcome those barriers; this association intends to give kids a chance to take part in various activities that incorporate Boccia and martial arts. They build up the program for inclusion into physical activity for children with disability likewise form an association with nearby schools to incorporate youngsters in sport. With the inclusion inside schools, they can then create programmes outside of school and offer chances to impaired youngsters and grown-ups to participate in sport clubs that provide fun, safe environment and facilities that are required to provide a more extensive range of sporting activities for those with a disability (Sport Ireland, 2007). Action At this stage, individuals have started participating in sport for the first or first few times, a barrier could be the attitudes or behaviour of others. Adversities towards people with a disability include other facility users. DePauw and Gavron (1995) established that students held negative and stereotypical attitudes for people with a disability being included in sporting Activities. Arthur and Finch (1999) saw a relation concerning the negative attitudes of other facility users, which shaped the lack of motivation and confidence for those with a disability. This doesnt effect Independents as much, since they do not let their disability define them and do not allow it to limit their approach to life nor are they influenced by attitudes of others (Porter, 2001) Changing attitudes is difficult, however contact theory proposes that the experience of becoming more acquainted or working with somebody with a disability, can emphatically change dispositions (Shields et al, 2007). Another barrier as reported by Lockwood and Lockwood (1997) and Doll-Tepper (1999) the subsistence of inadequately trained service providers, inflexible programmes and unsuitable activities are of concern. As stated by Anderson et al. (2005) and Stuart et al., (2006) disability awareness and training programmes for staff and peers may limit misconstruing about the necessities and capacities of individuals with a disability. Moreover, it can help in developing knowledge and skills on how to facilitate sporting activities for those with a disability (Jones, 2003) and encourage peer interaction to create a welcoming environment. Positive interactions offer opportunities for friendship for children with disability such as building relationships, which is a key value for them (Hunter, 2009). Confirmation At this stage, the individual would be Active, regularly participating with the values and benefits of sport confirmed (Porter, 2001). A barrier at this stage is Withdrawal of Support or Discontinuation of Activity. DePauw and Gavron (2005) state the loss of physical and emotional support is a factor that can cause people with disability to withdraw from taking part in sport, one example being that the individual has no-one to go with to the sporting facility. According to Arthur and Finch (1999) this represents an issue for the Dependants and Unconfidents, as they require assistance and moral support. Whereas, Independents dont let their disability define them and do not allow it to limit their approach to life nor are they influenced by attitudes of others (Porter, 2001) Furthermore, lack of infrastructure to support development in sport is also a barrier at this stage, For those looking to participate at a higher level there is often a lack of awareness as to how to proceed to the next stage, a lack of support or encouragement from either significant others or official sporting bodies, as well as a lack of opportunities for identifying individual coaching or development needs. (Porter, 2001) These Barriers can be overcome by providing programmes such as Red Star Athletics club in Scotland. They provide coaching every week for your chosen sport to all types of people with disability by trained staff. They provide links to athletes into mainstream clubs; encouraging athletes to be involved in all aspects of the club such as players/athletes and coaching. Provide opportunities to gain coaching qualification and for those who want to develop further they provide elite sports development. Finally, they provide good role models in the wider community (Porter, 2001) Conclusion With the Programmes and initiatives already in place, more work needs to be done to make them successful, without those programmes people with disability would not be able to participate in sport or physical activity. More initiatives should be developed as well as making existing initiatives more accessible by improved promotion and information. Regular exercise and consideration for inclusion in physical activity for people with a disability is as vital as it is for their active peers. Experts working with individuals with disability ought to enthusiastically motivate participation in sports and physical activities. An improvement for individuals with disability in sport and physical activity is needed, as there is a considerably low level of participation in sport for reasons beyond their control. Therefore, more should be done to eradicate barriers that society has placed (Barton, 1989). According to Yuen et al., (2007) the development of initiatives can increase participation an d disability in sport can progress and offer opportunity to individuals where participation would be inaccessible. Reference Anderson, M., Bedini A., Moreland, L. (2005) Getting all girls into the game: physically active recreation for girls with disabilities. 23(4):78-103. Arthur, S. and Finch, H. (1999) Physical activity in our lives: qualitative research among disabled people. London, Health Education Authority Barton, L. (1989) Disability and Dependence, Falmer, Basingstoke Barton, L. (2001). Disability, Politics and the Struggle for Change. London, David Fulton Publishers Capel, S. and Whitehead, M. (2015) Learning to teach physical education in the secondary school. 4th edn. Oxon: Routledge. Carlon, S., Shields, N., Dodd, K., Taylor, N. (2013) Differences in habitual physical activity levels of young people with cerebral palsy and their typically developing peers. 35:647-55. DePauw, K. and Gavron, S. (1995) Disability and sport. Champaign-Illinois, Human Kinetics. Disability Sport Northern Ireland. (2014) Annual report http://dsni.co.uk/files/97174_Disability_Sports_NI_Annual_Report_14-15.pdf. Accessed on 06/03/17 Equality Act. (2010) http://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/2010/15/body, (Accessed 04/03/16) Fitzgerald, H. (Ed.) (2008) Disability and Youth Sport. London: Routledge. French, D., Hainsworth, J. (2001) Obstacles and opportunities in the provision of sport for disabled people. Managing Leisure. 6:35-49. Frey, G., Stanish, I., Temple, A., Physical activity of youth with intellectual disability: review and research agenda. Adapt Physical Activity. 25:95-117. Heah, T., Case, T., McGuire, B., Law, M. (2007) Successful participation: The lived experience among children with disabilities. 74(1):38-47. Hunter, D., (2009) A phenomenological approach: The impact on families of sports participation for a child with a physical disability. United States, Texas Jones, B., (2003) Barriers to participation in community recreation programs encountered by children with disabilities in Maine: perspectives of parents. 28(2):49-69 Kang, M., Zhu, W., Ragan, G., Frogley, M. (2007) Exercise barrier severity and perseverance of active youth with physical disabilities. 52(2):170-6. Kate, F., Jan, B., and Hayley, M. (2015) Public Attitudes Toward People With Intellectual Disabilities After Viewing Olympic or Paralympic Performance: Adapted Physical Activity Quarterly. 32:19-33. Human Kinetics Paciorek, M. and Jones, J. (2001) Disability Sport and Recreation Resources 3rd edn. Cooper Publishing Group Porter, S. (2001) Sport and People with a Disability: Aiming at Social Inclusion. A report for Sportscotland. 77, Sportscotland Shields, N., Bruder, A., Taylor, N., Angelo, T. (2011) An alternative clinical experience can positively change physiotherapy student attitudes. 33:360-6. Shields, N., Synnot, A., Barr M. (2012) Perceived barriers and facilitators to physical activity for children with disability. 46:989-97 Stuart, E., Lieberman, L., Hand, E. (2006) Beliefs about physical activity among children who are visually impaired and their parents. 100(4):223-34. Trost, G., Sallis, J., Pate, R., Freedson, P., Taylor, W., Dowda, M. (2003) Evaluating a model of parental influence on youth physical activity. 25:277-82. Tsai, E., Fung, L. (2005) Perceived constraints to leisure time physical activity participation of students with hearing impairment. The Recreation Journal. 39(3):192-206.

Free College Admissions Essays: We Are the World :: College Admissions Essays

We Are the World    How will I make the future a better place? By trying my hardest to develop technology to help others. I also will be better equipped because I have seen the world and lived in it from different points of view. (I certainly don't have the answers to all of the world's problems, but hopefully I will be able to help solve a few of them.) When I was an exchange student to Germany I realized that the world is but a tiny island upon which there are billions of people who are all dependant upon one another. Technology has shrunk our world so that a once difficult travel is reduced to a pleasure of flying or one can speak with a loved one on the other side of the planet with clarity such as if they were in the next room. The political situations of the world and the increasing strength of the United Nations has helped prove that we all depend on one another no matter who we are or where we live.    So where do I fit into the grand scheme of things? Well I have often asked myself that exact same question and have thought of many different things that I could do to help promote world peace and prosperity, such as I believe that I would make a great foreign diplomat. I have already been a miniature version of such when I was an exchange student to Germany. I would also like to do this because I enjoy and am good at settling disputes between to warring parties, this I attribute to the fact that I have a total of six siblings. I would love to do such a task where I could actively affect millions of people's lives.    However, I love the sciences and can never turn my head from trying to gain more scientific knowledge. I then thought of a way that I could affect the lives of many in a much more personal way, This is when I decided to attempt to develop devices to help the infirm. I saw that many could not care less about the wealth of nations in our world, but were rather more concerned about matters within their own lives. I hope to one day through becoming a Biomedical Engineer develop new ways for people to have a personal feeling of peace by making their lives more productive or of higher standards.

Should We Bow to Louis XIV? Essay -- French History King Louis XIV Ess

Should We Bow to Louis XIV? Louis XIV, ruler of France for 72 years, is known for stabilizing France and making the country a strong European power. However, many of his projects were costly and caused economic problems for the nation. His personal lavish luxuries also were a financial burden to France. By the end of his reign, nearly all of the land he had acquired through warfare had to be returned, thus wasting enormous sums of French money. King Louis XIV reigned in France from 1643-1715. For 54 of these years, he reigned without the help of an official Prime Minister. Therefore, he personally controlled the French government. This created an absolute monarchy that became a model for much of Europe. Louis’ involvement in the War of Devolution with Spain, the Dutch War, the War of Palatinate and the War of the Spanish Succession had a vast impact on France. By 1677, Louis had expanded the French navy from a fleet of 20 ships to 270 ships. During his reign, the arts flourished and French culture blossomed. Along with this came the construction of the exquisite, extravagant Versailles palace. Louis’ policy on religion produced the Edict of Fontainebleau, which revoked the former Edict on Nantes. These policies and events had both positive and negative effects on life in France during the 17th Century. It could be argued that during his reign, Louis XIV established France as a dominant European power by expanding the French borders and advancing the arts. History shows that during his reign, France achieved a new dominant power throughout Europe. Through his careful, deliberate planning, France acquired much new land. France stunned Europe when Louis invaded the Spanis... ... engaged France in numerous battles and because many of his greatest marshals were now dead, France began to lose many of the lands it had acquired earlier in his reign. By 1697, France had to return Lorraine, Flanders, Luxembourg and the area around the Rhine River. Louis continued to lose battle after battle, and these defeats hurt the economy of France. The cost of these defeats became a huge financial burden on the country. The public debt increased, and taxes were raised. In short, Louis XIV should not be referred to as a glorious ruler. His projects were costly and were often fruitless. After his closest advisors died, he seemed incapable of making good decisions anymore. His personal luxuries, and his desire to be looked upon as a godlike figure, caused economic problems and a severe national debt that took France centuries to overcome.

Gender Social Conditioning

The Influence Of Education On Gender Socialization The common misconception about gender nowadays is that it has the same meaning as sex, something innate and natural. However, since 1970s, increasingly more anthropologists like Margaret Mead agree that gender is something that can be conditioned and is prone to socialization. Since a young age, possibly around two to three years old when an infant begins to develop higher cognitive functions, society bombards them with different signals that slowly condition them into a specific gender role: male or female.By gender role, I am referring to a set of attitudes or behaviors that is encouraged or at least expected of a person based on his or her gender. This also means that gender is malleable and a product of socio-cultural and historical contingencies – a social construct. Normal traits that we associate with a specific gender like aggressiveness with men and gentility with women are not as natural as they seem. In fact, these seemingly normative behaviors have been slowly fortifying our own perspectives about gender roles but also help shape people into a gendered being.Therefore, boys are raised to conform to male gender role and girls are brought up to fit the female gender role. In a ‘Western Society’ for example the US or Europe, education becomes an integral part of a child’s livelihood from a very young age. The influences from education that condition children into specific gendered beings cannot be ignored as school time accounts for most of a child or teenager’s life.I am highlighting that this is common in ‘the West’ because family expectations or religious traditions might be the bigger factor or influence for gender socialization in communitarian or other types of societies. I would like to start with an observation I made about this particular issue while looking through an English language textbook for beginners. In a chapter about occupations, I note d that most jobs associated with the public sphere usually carry male connotations with them, for example, fireman or policeman.Furthermore, the pictures depicting people in these public sphere jobs usually have male models. On the other hand, jobs related to servitude or obedience such as waitresses or nurses usually has female models portraying the jobs. This is where I first encountered an example of the issue of gender socialization in the education field. This particular example shows us that children from a young age have been conditioned to relate male with the public realm and also as dominant providers; whereas females are linked to obedience and serving others.This fits in with Sack’s argument that women are discouraged to work in the public realm where their work could be properly evaluated and valued. These subliminal signals from school along with their family’s structure and parents’ roles or occupations could reinforce the children’s expect ations for genders. This in turn would affect the children’s preference of jobs where they choose something that conforms to their genders’ characteristics and thus, the cycle of gender conditioning begins again.Another very important gender socialization process that occurs during a child’s educational years is self-socialization. I first noted this phenomenon when I saw a teenage girl being ridiculed for wanting to play basketball with the boys and thought of another situation when my male friend was mocked for participating in a drama production. The common trend I have noticed is that when an individual does not behave or conform to his or her own gender’s expectations, society often reacts in a disapproving or negative manner.Thus the ‘deviant’ individual through external pressure or other mechanisms like shame or punishment would hope to correct his or her own behavior so that it is more in tune with their gender expectations. From an e arly age, boys and girls would have started self-correcting their own behaviors so that they received less negative feedback from the external reality. This, however, reinforces the differences seen by children between male and female and ultimately leading to the conclusion that you can only behave like one or the other.The duality of gender actually limits opportunities and potential an individual can have because if that specific skill or quality is not within a gender’s characteristics, it might be self-corrected and discarded through self-socialization. We can even see an example or offshoot of this issue in the homosexuality debate occurring right now, men who are acting in a supposingly ‘devious manner’ are being discriminated against not because of any biological reasons but because of socio-cultural pressure to conform to normative gender expectations.This process of self-socialization starts from a relatively early age to shape us into what our society constitutes as male or female genders. Lastly, another aspect of education that has long-lasting effect on forming gendered beings is the way a classroom is ran and methods of teaching. There seems to be an emerging trend of a new style of teaching which uses a more open and interactive system, we see this in new schools such as ‘School Without Walls’. However, the majority of public or private schools in the US, or even around the world in this case, still follows a strict guideline on how students should behave in a classroom.Desired qualities in an ideal student from a teacher’s perspective would be obedience, quietness, maturity, passiveness and patience. In a system where examinations and tests account for the majority of the grading criteria, a student behaving according to these qualities would do better than a student who is more active, ‘rebellious’ or passionate. One might notice that the characteristics that would allow a student to succee d in school are relatively feminine.Especially considering that girls are thought to develop at a faster pace than boys and reach full cognitive maturity sooner. The female gender might have an intrinsic advantage at doing better in our education system over male students who are often described as more energetic, easily distracted and physical. The ways the education system functions and evaluates allow more matured female students to focus and excel in studies while more physical male students would start to lose interest in education all together.This is a trend we have started to notice in the US where the dropout rate for male students is 50% higher than female students in a specific state; the significant gap shows that the education system clearly has different effects on male and female. To sum up how our way of teaching in classrooms can form gendered beings, one can say that boys are ‘discouraged’ from education or demotivated due to the education systemâ€⠄¢s inadaptability with intrinsic characteristics usually associated with male children such as aggressiveness and spirited.This in turn would lead male children to focus more on their own physical aspect while female children who have better chances at completing school, would have less external pressure and could focus on their own mental capabilities and schoolwork. Thus, this social process successfully highlighted the gender differences and strengthens notions about how genders are formed socially. This particular process could later on lead to selecting careers that are clearly relegated to a specific gender.The reinforcement of ideas about the duality of gender into our children’s minds would help them form their own concepts about gender roles and potential. From a children’s textbook to how a class is ran, it seems that our society is crammed with subliminal or direct signals that slowly shape us into our gender roles or to become a ‘gendered beingâ€⠄¢. According to Margaret Mead, gender is something that varies from culture to culture and the gender roles we have established here might not be the norm for another society.Her work shows that gender roles or expectations are complex products of socio-cultural, economical and historical contingencies and not just something innate in our biological differences between male and female. Following her idea, I realized that in our society, a lot of these gender socialization processes have been institutionalized and even the smallest things could help form us into the gendered beings we are today. Hence, I started at an early stage of cognitive development where the mind is the most ‘absorbent’ so to speak.In conclusion, I’ve found out that not only is the education system itself very much reinforcing these gendered ideas but as the children progress in this system, they also increasingly bolster these ideas in their peers through self-socialization, somewhat simil ar to a mutual exchange of ideas. Therefore, one can understand that the influence and effect of the educational system cannot be overlooked on how gendered ideas and eventually gendered beings are formed as these ideas carry themselves into the ‘real’ and ‘adult’ society where these gender expectations are then passed on again to the next generation like a cycle.Bibliography: Abu-Lughod, Lila. Veiled Sentiments: Honor and Poetry in a Bedouin Society. Berkeley: University of California, 1986. Print. Mack, Julie. â€Å"A Closer Look At The Gender Gap In High School Dropout. † The Kalamazoo Gazette. N. p. , Apr. 2012. Web. 20 Feb. 2013. Mead, Margaret. Sex and Temperament in Three Primitive Societies. New York: HarperCollins, 2001. Print. ——————————————– [ 1 ]. Mack, Julie. â€Å"A Closer Look At The Gender Gap In High School Dropout. † The K alamazoo Gazette. N. p. , Apr. 2012. Web. 20 Feb. 2013.

Journal of Occurrences

During the time that Boston was under seize and the British soldiers controlled the American colonies Samuel Adams took a stand and used the â€Å"Journal of Occurrences† to influence the retraction of the British soldier and start a revolution in Colonial Boston by showing how media can play a big role and also influence society with propaganda. Samuel Adams was a writer and publisher of the â€Å"Journal of Occurrences† also know as â€Å"Journal of the times† and â€Å"Journal of Transactions in Boston. † The â€Å"Journal† sprung up after the arrival of the British soldiers in the colonial town of Boston.Oliver Morton Dickerson compiler of A Journal of the Times in the book Boston under Military Rule points out the arrival of the British soldiers â€Å"So we now behold Boston surrounded at a time of profound peace, with about 14 ships of war, with springs on their cables, and their broadsides to the town! † (1). The initial approach of th e British soldiers would spark red flags in any colony especially if approached with war ships which would raise questions to why they are actually there. As John K.Alexander author of â€Å"American Revolution Politicians† points out â€Å"As Adams predicted the soldiers caused more difficulties and tumults than they stopped (68). † The presence of the soldiers and the many problems they caused provided Adams and his fellow Whigs ample material to fashion propaganda (Alexander 68). The first issue of the â€Å"Journal† appeared in the October 13 New-York Journal and covered the period from September 28 through October 2 (Alexander 68). There for after the New-York Journal had an installment of the â€Å"Journal of Occurrences. Samuel Adam was a skillful writer even before the Journals were produces but he used them as an opportunity to speak out against the soldiers and the British government as a whole. â€Å"The Journal of Occurrences† â€Å"focused on the many grievances that grew out of the military presence in Boston (Alexander 69)† and William M. Fowler, Jr. author of Samuel Adams Radical Puritan point out â€Å"in issue, dated 13 October 1768, the authors claimed that everything contained in its pages was strictly fact (90). All of the events in the Journal lacked evidence or proof of the incident, while also never mentioning names, which in today’s media would be considered unacceptable and most likely wouldn’t be published. â€Å"The first was the incalculable ham being done to the innocent citizens of Boston by despicable soldiers (Fowler 91). † There where claims of soldiers beating citizens in the streets â€Å"a tradesman on his way home had a thrust in the breast with a bayonet from a soldier (Fowler 91). â€Å"On another occasion when a household hearing the cries of two women in the night, who were rudely treated by soldiers, tried to come to their aid, he was knocked down with a musk et and much wounded (Fowler 91). † Later claims from the north end of Boston bought chargers of rape against a soldier who escaped (Fowler 91). â€Å"This was tabloid journalism at its sensational best (Fowler 91). † The second themes that were found in the Journal were the other agents of the king mainly the commissioners of the customs.During the colonial times it wasn’t uncommon for political figures to use their power to get what they wanted but they couldn’t stop the Journal from being printed. â€Å"With their near vice regal authority, the commissioners could act outside the normal structure of colonial government (Fowler 91). † â€Å"Not loathe to use their power to reward friends and punish enemies, the commissioners were an easy target for the Journal (Fowler 91). † Nearly every issue discredited both of the law and the enforcement officials (Fowler 91). In the pages of the Journal Bostonians were always innocent; the commissioners were always guilty (Fowler91). † This media tactic helped influenced most of the colonial people regardless of whether it was true or not the Journals caught the attention of the common people. As Rodger Streitmetter author of Mightier than the Sword points out â€Å"Adams conceived of what became America’s first systematic gathering and distributing of news- a precursor of today’s Associated Press (10).The articles and issues of the â€Å"Journal of Occurrences raised the tension between citizens in Colonial Boston and soldiers in the British Army â€Å"The descriptions of improper behavior by British troops became popular readings- as the blood pressure of the colonists continued to rise (Streitmetter12). † Six months after the attitude toward the soldier grew so outrageous that even the British officials caved in and realized that the presence of four regiments were making things worst instead of helping. In August 1769 the British officials decided t o withdraw the troops. Adams and his journalistic strategy had triumphed magnificently (Streitmetter13). † The â€Å"Journal of Occurrences† then ceased operation after â€Å"It had produced some 300 individual entries one for each day during the ten months that British troops had been stationed in Boston (Streitmetter13). † In our society today the media has a big input on our society as it did during the 18th century. The Journals â€Å"were effective in ridding Boston of unwanted British soldiers and in gaining support for Adams and his radical notions (Streitmetter13). It’s amazing that the people in colonial Boston never questioned the stories they read in the Journals but embraced them and took them for truth without in solid proof of the account. Thou you would think truth would be considered a factor, propaganda and writing for the audience help the â€Å"Journal of Occurrences† influence colonial Boston society. â€Å"As propaganda the Jo urnal was a phenomenal success (Fowler 92). The papers were produced in Boston and printed in New York. The stories of the Boston â€Å"incidents were produced in papers such as the Pennsylvania Chronicles and was sent through all the colonies and even spread to the London papers.All in all the Journals not only influenced the people in colonial Boston but when stories of the town were spread it influenced America. â€Å"Bostonians were brave and stoic citizens defiantly standing in defense of the rights of all Americans (Fowler 92). † The â€Å"Journal of Occurrences† stories helped in the retraction of the British soldiers while giving the citizens of colonial Boston means to stand up and fight against the stationing of British soldiers in their city, overall staging a revolution in Boston as well as showing how media along with propaganda could affect society.

Rudolf Laban

Rudolf Laban (1879-1958) is considered to be one of the founders of European Modern Dance. He was a dancer, choreographer and movement theoretician. In his new ideas on dance notation and strong belief that dance should be available for everyone; he has transformed modern dance and dance education. After refusing to Join the army, as his father had planned for him, aged 33 he moved to Munich as an artist. His previous study of architecture in Paris led to him to develop an interest for the moving body and its spaces.It was in Germany he furthered this interest by spending his summer trying to redesign Bewegungskunst (the art of movement). In 1919 Rudolf Laban set up two Dance Theatre Company's, a movement class for armatures, opened a main dance school, wrote articles and books, performed himself and also choreographed. In 1927 he moved to Berlin and opened the Choreographisches Institut and 3 years later he was appointed director of movement and choreographer of the Prussian State T heatres in Berlin.After failing to Join the ‘Nazi way of life' in 1936, his name and work was destroyed by the Government Propaganda Ministry whilst at the height of his career. So in 1938 he took refuge in Britain. When Rudolf Laban was sixty he began to introduce dance study methods such as Laban's analysis (splitting the analysis of dance into 4 simple categories: action, space, dynamic, relationship) with the help of Lisa Ullmann. Then finally in 1946 he opened the Movement Studio in Manchester.Rudolf Laban (1879-1958) is considered to be one of the founders of European Modern Dance. He was a dancer, choreographer and movement theoretician. In his new ideas on dance notation and strong belief that dance should be available for everyone; he has transformed modern dance and dance education. opened the Movement Studio in Manchester. and also choreographed. In 1927 ne moved to Berlin and opened t turtnered this interest by spending his summer trying to redesign egungskunst

They Need to Demonstrate Good Research and Presentational Skills, and Coursework

They Need to Demonstrate Good Research and Presentational Skills, and Advice them to Solve the Problem - Coursework Example Then comes the postal analogy rule; the acceptance of the offer when the offeree posts the letter but can this apply to fast instantaneous communication like e-mail. Lastly, is the counter offer which kills the original offer; terminates it. BODY 1) An invitation to treat is an indication of a willingness to conduct business, it is invitation to make an offer or commence negotiations. Courts have considered whether or not a communication was an invitation to treat in a wide variety of circumstances. The Advertisement which Peter places is an invitation to treat just like Partridge v Crittenden (1968), the advertisement of a bilateral contract and Carlil v Carbolic Smoke Ball Company (1893), was decided that an advertisement was a unilateral offer. 2) In Partridge v Crittenden The appellant placed an advertisement in the issue for 13 April 1967, of a periodical â€Å"Cage and Aviary Birds† with the words â€Å"Quality British ABCR †¦ Bramble finch cocks, Bramble finch hen s, 25s eachâ€Å". It was put under the general heading â€Å"Classified Advertisements. In no place was there any direct use of the words â€Å"offer for sale†. T, having seen the advertisement, written for a hen, which was sent to him and arrived on 2 May 1967, wearing a closed-ring. T was able to remove it without harm to the bird. The appellant was charged with unlawfully offering for sale a certain wild live bird, viz, a brambling, other than a close-ringed specimen bred in captivity, contrary to s 6(1) of, and Sch 4 to, the Protection of Birds Act, 1954. The justices were of opinion that the advertisement was an offer for sale, and that the brambling was not a close-ringed specimen bred in captivity because it was possible to put off the bird's ring. On appeal against conviction. It was held, the advertisement in the present case constituted in law an invitation to treat, not an offer for sale, and the offence which was charged against the appellant was not, therefore , established. While on the other hand; 3) Carlil v Carbolic Smoke Ball Company was decided on the different basis. The defendants, the proprietors of a some medical preparation called "The Carbolic Smoke Ball," issued an advertisement in which they promised to pay 100 to any person who contracted the influenza after having used one of their smoke balls, in a certain specified manner and for a specified time. The plaintiff, upon the faith of the advertisement, purchased one of the defendants' smoke balls, and used it in the manner and for the specified time, but nevertheless contracted the influenza. It was held that the above facts made a contract by the defendants to pay the plaintiff 100. In the event which happened; that such contract was neither a contract by way of wagering within 8 & 9 Vict. c. 109, nor a policy within 14 Geo. 3, c. 48, s. 2; and that the plaintiff was entitled to recover the sum promised. 4) The general rule is that acceptance is not effective until it is co mmunicated to the Offeror. This is sometimes expressed by saying that the acceptance cannot be made through silence and the offeror cannot waive communication if that would be to the detriment of the offeree . 5) This can be shown in the case Felt house v Bindley (1862). The plaintiff (F) brought an action against the defendant auctioneer (B) for the conversion of a horse. In December 1860, a conversation had taken place between F and his nephew (N) regarding to the buying of a horse

Value and Risk Management Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 4000 words

Value and Risk Management - Essay Example This maximizes the potential use of the project. Value management focuses on the functions to provide maximum benefit. It aims for simplification without disregarding quality. Value engineering is synonymous with value management but the former focuses on the technical aspect. These two however could be interchanged. Value management (VM) is now a regular feature in the construction industry. A VM Team conducts a meticulous process of inspection and monitoring, brainstorming and analyzing the functions with respect to the entirety of the project. After that, it will provide the necessary recommendations to the client. The first part of the study focuses on value management which includes the four stages of the workshop. There are recommendations on the budget constraints of SBE Innovations, so that the amount could be maximised while reducing unnecessary costs. The VM study determines how construction can be simplified as quality remains. Functional analysis in value engineering aims to reduce the cost. Value engineering will be conducted to perform the following activities: Value engineering will focus on the engineering and technical aspects. Value management is more on the management and administrative side of the study, but both will be conducted simultaneously to attain greater results. In most cases, VM and VE are considered synonymous. Our consultancy firm has been in the forefront of value management in construction. We have conducted VM and VE for various clients, while our aim is to increase the value of any project. This new project with SBE Innovation is another major milestone and a challenge. Each and every part of the project is important, therefore, this should be given value by conducting a thorough analysis to determine whether a part is an important element of the whole. If it is not too important, the team will

Ethical Dilemma Capstone Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Ethical Dilemma Capstone - Essay Example ry, which states that what happens in a state is its own affair as long as it takes place within the limits of the international law then the US had no right to interfere whatsoever (Burge 9). However, there are instances where human rights violations are so severe that the use of force from outside is the only way to halt such scenarios. Therefore, the concept of non-interference must occasionally be overlooked by the international states to protect the targeted population. Nonetheless, this right or duty of humanitarian intervention sometimes acts against the consent of a state or its leaders for purposes that are claimed to be humanitarian, but some action does have hidden motives (Abbott, 8). For instance, the US was giving financial aid and military advice to French in Indochina. This was, however, primarily because America was concerned with keeping the Indochinese resources in a friendly way for the benefit of itself and its allies (Burge, 9). The American society was getting concerned with the financial aid that the U.S government was spending on French war. The U.S official reaction to this was; if they allowed communists to take over in countries in the Southern Asia, then America would face serious repercussions that would affect the political and economy of the U.S. Consequently, communism would spread to other parts of the world, thereby affecting the stability of the European region (Smith, 1). Although the U.S provided French with money, weapons and supplies they did not participate in the actual fighting. Later on when Viet Minh launched a major attack, France implored the U.S for direct military support but did not get any. Without the support of the allies the French forces stood little chance against an enemy with superior weapons, but on the other hand, they actually supported the Vietnam with their military. Thus, U.S would only participate in intervention when they stood to gain something. As Americans continued to aver support and

Forced Marriages and UK Law Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 4000 words

Forced Marriages and UK Law - Essay Example This essay stresses that forced marriages involve the use of threats to get people to enter marriages against the will. Existing UK laws on marriage render such marriages null but voidable. There is no existing criminal liability for partaking in the imposition of forced marriages. Legal reforms have created a civil provision to combat forced marriages. However, this leaves much to be desired. This is because there is a general problem of fear and sympathy for perpetrators by victims because of the familial links that exist between them. In order to prevent forced marriage, it is recommended that there should be a separate criminal law that would complement the criminal statute. Debate should however continue on this subject. This is necessary because there is the need for new issues and situations in the UK society to be integrated into the legal statute to protect the vulnerable appropriately at every point in time. This paper examines forced marriages in the context of UK law. The aim of the paper is to evaluate how sufficient the laws on forced marriages in the UK are. This paper makes a conclusion that the UK House of Commons identified that domestic violence and forced marriages are the main challenges to family law in the UK in recent times. The UK recognises forced marriage as a form of domestic violence and child abuse. The UK social and legal system makes a sharp distinction between forced marriages and arranged marriages . This distinction is necessary because arranged marriages have a bit of a different legal position in the UK society. This is mainly steeped in the concept of choice. Whereas the parties in an arranged marriage might choose to live within the marriage without any duress, a forced marriage is one where one party is forced or coerced into the whole union. 'Duress' defines the main basis for the definition of a forced marriage. As such, a marriage in which duress is not used to coerce one or both parties into the marriage is valid socially, morally and legally in English law. 2.2 Forms of Forced Marriages There are three main types of forced marriages6: 1. An individual who fears that s/he may be forced to marry in the UK