The Discovery Of Insulin And Penicillin And The...

When most people think of America in the 1920s, the thing that comes to mind is the phrase ‘Roaring Twenties’ accompanied by the thought of flappers and Gatsby. In fact, if a person were to Google images of ‘the Roaring Twenties,’ there is a very little variation in results. Many people do not know that the 1920s was more than an age of economic prosperity and defying prohibition; it was also a time of great advances in health care and medicine in the United States. The discovery of insulin and penicillin and the development of the U.S. health care system are only a few of the examples of the medical advances that took place in the 1920s. These advances shaped the lives of Americans in a way like no other. Medicine and health care was much different in the late 1800s and early 1900s than it is today. Most ill people were treated in their homes with concoctions that had little to no effect on the sickness. While hospitals did exist at the time, their methods were underdeveloped and very unlike the ones we see today. Mortality was at an all time high prior to the discoveries made in the early 20th century. According to the article â€Å"Immigration and Health Concerns in Late Nineteenth Century America† by Ted Brackemyre, â€Å"Large waves of immigration in the nineteenth century, made New York City America’s largest and most diverse city, but also its most unhealthy, as the large spike in population made it more susceptible to disease.† As compared to other urban cities in America atShow MoreRelatedThe Pros of Animal Testing Essay1412 Words   |  6 PagesWelfare Act (AWA) requires research facilities to have a certified veterinarian,†Ã¢â‚¬ ¦who shall provide adequate veterinary care.† The AWA also requires animals used in research to be presented with appropriate housing, feeding, handling, sanitation, ventilation, and sheltering. The regulations are promptly guarded by The Institutional Care and Use C ommittee. The Institutional Care and Use Committee must ensure the appropriate handling and treatment of laboratory animals by reviewing and inspecting everyRead MoreShould Animals Be Used for Research2686 Words   |  11 PagesBecause animals make good research subjects. Animals are biologically similar to humans. In fact, chimpanzees share more than 99% of DNA with humans and mice share more than 98% DNA with humans, therefore, animals are susceptible to many of the same health problems as humans. Animals have a shorter life cycle than humans and as a result, they can be studied throughout their whole life span or across several generations. In addition, scientists can easily control the environment around animals; theirRead MoreEthics and the Pharmaceutical Industry3188 Words   |  13 Pagesdetermine the health and lives of millions of people, it is imperative that this industry follow an ethical and moral path. 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INTRODUCTION The difference between good health and disease is that health is the level of functional or metabolic efficiency of a living being. In  humans, it is the general condition of a  persons mind, body and spirit, usually meaning to be free from  illness,  injury  or  pain  (as in â€Å"good health† or â€Å"healthy†) whiles a disease  is an  abnormal  condition affecting the body of an organism. It is often construed to be a  medicalRead Moreethical decision making16006 Words   |  65 PagesCHAPTER 11 Ethics and Health Pat Kurtz and Ronald L. Burr Authors Go Here Authors Go Here Authors Go Here Visit http://nursing.jbpub.com/communityhealth for Visit http://nursing.jbpub.com/communityhealth interactive exercises, review questions, WebLinks for interactive exercises, review questions, and more. Web links, and more.  © Jones and Bartlett Publishers, LLC. NOT FOR SALE OR DISTRIBUTION. 1786X_CH11_248_269.pdf 248 12/30/08 10:30:24 AM REFLECTIONS It has becomeRead MoreExploring Corporate Strategy - Case164366 Words   |  658 Pagesstrategic choices and strategy in action covered later in the book, it will normally be a prerequisite that some type of analysis of the strategic position is undertaken, using the case material. When planning the use of these cases within programmes, care needs to be taken to balance the time taken on such strategic analysis so as to allow the time required to analyse the main issues for which the case has been chosen. Where the text and cases are being used as the framework for a strategy programmeRead MoreDeveloping Management Skills404131 Words   |  1617 PagesRiver, New Jersey 07458. All rights reserved. Manufactured in the United States of America. This publication is protected by Copyright, and permission should be obtained from the publisher prior to any prohibited reproduction, storage in a retrieval system, or transmission in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopy ing, recording, or likewise. To obtain permission(s) to use material from this work, please submit a written request to Pearson Education, Inc., Permissions Department

Rise Of The Texas Republican Party - 1193 Words

Rise of the Texas Republican Party For decades, the state of Texas was Democratic and then suddenly in 1998 the state flipped to Republican. Currently, Texas is the boldest Republican state in the country. For so long it was Democrat and strongly so but it has been Republican now since the nineties. The big question surrounding this topic is what happened to make it flip suddenly? Well, research provided a very strong answer that I didn’t expect to find. In 1988 two people were voted in that changed everything for Republicans; Kent Hance and Judge Thomas Phillips were the first republicans voted in since the Reconstruction. This kick started a Republican makeover of the state that all through the nineties Texans saw Republicans overtaking Democrats in every area. To understand how this went down in the nineties there must be an examination of the past. The Democratic party was the face of Texas for a century until the Republicans came back stronger than ever. First and foremost, Texas was not colonized by British settlers. This has always made it stand out as a fiercely independent territory then later a state. The individuals who shaped and formed Texas did so in such a way to hold tightly onto its fierce independence. This fierce independence was fueled throughout the first several decades of Texas existence due to invading foreign armies and the daily struggles of just surviving in the Wild West. Because of this, the people of Texas developed strong work ethics and aShow MoreRelatedEssay on One-Party State: Texas vs. Oklahoma754 Words   |  4 PagesDescribe the history of Texas as a one-party state. Texas: For over a 100 years Texas was a one-party state of Democrats (Munisteri). Republicans did not have a chance until Abraham Lincoln who was against slavery and defended the Union during the Civil War. During this time before Republicans took over Texas was free-willed and won majority of seats in the race and had all seats in Legislature. One of the best ways to describe this era was best stated by Author Steven, â€Å"developed a free spiritRead MoreThe Politics Of The Texas Tea Party1133 Words   |  5 PagesThe Texas Tea Party is one of the many Tea Parties spread thought the United States. The Texas division itself is split further into many subdivision groups of the Texas Tea Party; including the McKinney Tea Party, Mason Tea Party, and the North Houston Tea Party Patriots. All Tea Parties share core principles of free markets, fiscal responsibility, Constitutional Republic, limited government, lower taxes, and national sovereignty. Additionally, the movement of the Tex as Tea Party affords a homeRead MoreTexas Political History : The State Of Texas1592 Words   |  7 PagesState Political History The state of Texas has a long and complicated political history. Texas is very unique in the aspect that it is the only state in the U.S to have once been its own country. This in turn makes the political history of the state of Texas very unique and interesting. In recent years the political stage in Texas has become the hot topic of not only the state, but the entire country. Gregg Abbot is the current governed of Texas, and the first of which to use a wheelchair sinceRead MoreThe Decline of the Democrats1567 Words   |  6 PagesThe Decline of the Democrats--The Decline of the South The history of political parties in the United States has always hinged upon the key sectarian differences of the times in which such parties were existent. The very foundation of political parties in this country, which began with the Federalists and the Anti-Federalists, is demonstrative of this fact as those two groups were largely split on the issue of national versus states rights and the implementation of a national bank. As the countryRead MoreEssay On Texas State Senate989 Words   |  4 PagesI live in3811 William Dehaes Dr, Irving, Texas, 75038. 1 My Texas State Senate District is 16 and Don Huffines is the republican senator for Texas senate district 16. 2 My Texas State House District is 115 and Matt Rinaldi is the Texas house representatives for district 115. I would prefer to run for the Texas State Senate for district 16. The population of the Texas state senate district 16 is 816,670. In terms of race, the majority of population is the whites who cover 47.6% of the total populationRead MorePolitical Polarization Is Defined As The Division Into Two Opposites1221 Words   |  5 PagesAccording to the Merriam-Webster dictionary, Polarization is defined as the â€Å"division into two opposites†. (Merriam-Webster) Political Polarization refers to the perceived division of ideologies espoused between the two major political parties in the United States. 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I am applying to the nursing program for the Fall of 2015, and I willRead MoreSectionalism Of The 1920 S1138 Words   |  5 PagesOnce President Polk annexed Texas to the United States, and compromised with Britain over Oregon, gaining California became the ultimate goal of Polk. The only problem was that there was a huge chunk of Mexican owned land in between Texas and California, so the United States would have to go to war in order to obtain it. The Mexican-American War was a victory for the United States, and President Polk won everything he could have wanted. Now setting the new borders of Texas became a new problem. It Read MoreThe Impact Of The 1860 Presidential Election1442 Words   |  6 PagesFebruary 12, 1809, served as the sixteenth president of the United States. He was the very first Republican to serve as president, eventually leading the Union to victory during the civil war. 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Competitive Strength and Position Of Timbre Group †Free Samples

Question: Discuss about the Competitive Strength Of Timbre Group. Answer: Porters five forces analysis (Singapore) Five Forces Model presented by Michael Porter can be used for the purpose of exploring business environment in which product or company functions. Porters five forces can help in analysing competitive position using a simple framework for assessment and evaluation of competitive strength and position of Timbre Group. Timbre Group is essentially a music lifestyle corporation that operates in food and beverage, music education businesses, concerts as well as festivals promotion. In essence, the business operations of the company consists of music restaurants (live) as well as bars, intercontinental festivals, pizza restaurant and delivery service, artist administration agency and music academic. The theory is founded on the notion that there are five different forces that can ascertain the competitive strength along with attractiveness of the market (Takata 2016). Threat of new entrants In itself, the easier it is for new corporations to enter the market, the more stiff competition there will be. The food as well as beverage market in Singapore can be said to be maturing swiftly and there is little room for growth. Particularly, the size of the market also limits the process of expansion of different retailers who have to handle increasing variety of products. Reports reflect that there are around 7260 establishments in Singapore that has added $3230 million value and contributed towards 0.8% of GDP. The substantial rate of growth of this segment in current years was upheld by opening of two prominent assimilated resorts and shopping malls, which presented opportunities for various new players in this sector to enter the market, and for subsisting operators to expand (Mwangi 2013). Nevertheless, future rate of growth in the total number of outlets is expected to remain slow at 0.7% during the period (2011 -2016). However, the retail as well as the market of food ser vice is said to be highly competitive and not easy to go through (Frynas and Mellahi 2015). Thus, it can be said that the threat of new entrants for Timbre Group is high. Threat of substitute products or services Substitute products refer to those products that can necessarily replace a specific product but are not specifically a direct competitor. There are around 7260 players operating in the food and beverage industry and adequate opportunities for new entrants. Therefore, the threat of substitute products as well as services are said to be high (E. Dobbs 2014). The food and beverage retail segment of Singapore consists of 3000 hypermarkets, department stores, provision shops, supermarkets that market agri-food, processed food as well as drinks. Furthermore, Singapore has around 1300 specialty food along with drink outlets. There are two major supermarket chains that control Singapore retail sector namely Cold Storage and the NTUC fair price chain of supermarkets. Therefore, threat of substitute products in food and beverage industry in Singapore can be considered to be very high. Bargaining power of buyers: There are quite a large number of players operating in the industry and there is low cost of switching since there is no incentive for customer incentive (Durand et al. 2017). Analysis of the operations of the firm Timbre Group reveals that more number of customers is these days more willing to consume beer at home in place of bars.Management of Timbre Group might take into account the expectations of customers from various providers of service. Thus, it can be hereby said that there exists high bargaining power of the buyers. Bargaining power of suppliers: An evaluation of how uncomplicated it is for suppliers to escalate prices. Essentially, this is necessarily driven by the total number of buyers present in the market, significance of each individual purchaser to the organization, cost of switching from one supplier to another. In case if a specific supplier has adequate influence to affect margins as well as volumes of a company, then they necessarily hold substantial amount of power (Deresky 2017). The supply chain framework of Timbre Group can be said to be proper and the company can get all its requisite ingredients from Singaporean suppliers. Despite various challenges, there are several suppliers who are placed in an accurate position that help in handling local demands. As there is low cost of switching, bargaining power of suppliers are said to be moderate. Rivalry among existing competitors There are several players operating in the segment of food and beverage approximately 7260 in number namely, Arcadian Foods Pte Ltd, Arco Marketing Pte Ltd, Aries Fresh Pte Ltd and many others. Therefore, there is said to be stiff competition in this specific market owing to presence of several players who can act as rivals of the firm. Singapore can be said to be extremely competitive landscape that put forward challenges of market entry. Also, continuous innovation can be said to necessity for anticipating tastes as well as demands of consumers in a bid to remain one step forward (Dalken 2014). In that way, it can be said that the rivalry among existing competitors in this market segment of Singapore is said to be high. Porters five forces analysis (China) Threat of new entrants The food and beverage industry in China developed at an average rate of approximately 30% during the period 2006 -2012. Again, rapid advances in areas of transportation, counting rail developments and road arteries are augmenting the overall economic potential of both second as well as third tier cities. In terms of food and beverage, it is enhancing distribution times, efficacy and costs, and more generally, assisting to stimulate regional economies and therefore enhancing demand of consumers for higher product value (Bertozzi et al. 2017). Therefore, it is generating opportunity for new entrants in the identified market of food and beverage in China. Threat of substitute products or services In China, food as well as beverages are normally imported and consumed by people in bars, restaurants as well as hotels in different cities and Chinese consumers are increasingly developing preference towards western food at the time when they decide to dine out. Majority of the western style restaurants that were originally targeted at various deportees nowadays have predominantly Chinese customers (Armstrong et al. 2015). Bargaining power of buyers In China, an important driver of growth is the rapid increase in mean household incomes. The average urban household yearly earning per capital augmented from CNY 1516 in the year 1990 to CNY 23979.2 in the year 2011. Essentially, individuals having high income expend higher fraction of income on product products of higher value, counting dining out, various pre-packaged foods, diverse milk products as well as imported foods. Again, the trend observed in per capita yearly purchases of food reflects a considerable decline in consumption of grain and enhancement in consumption of dairy. Reports suggest that steady growth in volume of consumption of basic ingredients has led to increased expenditure on pre-packaged food as well as more regular restaurant meals. Particularly, the urban segment of the market is thus more likely to be interested in new as well as imported products. Thus, it can be said that the customers has the power to switch to other players the power of bargaining of t he purchasers can be said to be high (Armstrong et al. 2015). Bargaining power of suppliers There are companies that have their own import as well as distribution teams that can source products directly from different foreign suppliers. There are several suppliers of high end products. Again, import as well as distribution channels are intricate and change repeatedly (Bertozzi et al. 2017). There are regional suppliers for the products of the firm as well. Therefore, the power of the suppliers in the food and beverage can be considered to be moderate. Rivalry among existing competitors There are several retail channels that operate in this segment and there is increase in regional competition and opportunities for several foreign players to market to sell their products in China. This is mainly driven by augmenting disposable income as well as urbanisation, an enhanced system of logistics, increasing concerns on safety of food and increasing taste for diverse foodstuff. As such, China can be considered as the worlds fourth largest food importer and United States is now the largest exporter of food to China. The industry of food and beverage in China developed at a mean rate of 30% from the period 2006-2012 and yearly total value of production in the industry is over and above USD $1.2 trillion. Therefore, it can be hereby said that there are dearth of local players in the Chinese, although there are several exporters that drive the food as well as beverage sales in China. Therefore, rivalry among existing competitors can be said to be low to moderate (Armstrong et al. 2015). References Armstrong, Gary, Philip Kotler, Michael Harker, and Ross Brennan.Marketing: an introduction. Pearson Education, 2015. Bertozzi, Federica, Chauhdry Mehr Ali, and Fahad Ali Gul. "Porters Five Generic Strategies; A Case Study from the Hospitality Industry."International Journal For Research In Mechanical Civil Engineering3, no. 2 (2017): 09-23. Dlken, Fabian. "Are porters five competitive forces still applicable? a critical examination concerning the relevance for todays business." Bachelor's thesis, University of Twente, 2014. Deresky, Helen.International management: Managing across borders and cultures. Pearson Education India, 2017. Durand, Rodolphe, Robert M. Grant, and Tammy L. Madsen. "The expanding domain ofstrategic management research and the quest for integration."Strategic Management Journal38, no. 1 (2017): 4-16. Dobbs, Michael. "Guidelines for applying Porter's five forces framework: a set of industry analysis templates."Competitiveness Review24, no. 1 (2014): 32-45. Frynas, Jedrzej George, and Kamel Mellahi.Global strategic management. Oxford University Press, USA, 2015. Indiatsy, Christopher Masinde, Mucheru Stephen Mwangi, Evans Nyamboga Mandere, Julius Miroga Bichanga, and Gongera Enock George. "The Application of Porters Five Forces Model on Organization Performance: A Case of Cooperative Bank of Kenya Ltd."European Journal of Business and Management6, no. 16 (2014): 75-85. Morden, Tony.Principles of strategic management. Routledge, 2016. Takata, Hidesuke. "Effects of industry forces, market orientation, and marketing capabilities on business performance: An empirical analysis of Japanese manufacturers from 2009 to 2011."Journal of Business Research69, no. 12 (2016): 5611-5619.

Social Security Act of 1935

This research paper is aimed at examining the importance of the Social Security Act which was adopted in 1935. This topic can be better examined with the help of both primary and secondary sources. This approach can show how people, who lived during this period, could perceive this event.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Social Security Act of 1935 specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Yet, it is also necessary to understand how this law is assessed by modern historians. Overall, one can argue that this legal act signified the origins of the welfare state in America; moreover, its inaction changed the economic role of government because this institution began to act as the re-distributor of wealth in the society. To a great extent, this event continues to have significant implications of the contemporary American society which guarantees certain economic welfare to the citizens. These are the main arguments that should be examined more closely. It should be mentioned that the Social Security Act was enacted at the time when America was profoundly affected by the Great Depression. It deprived many people of their revenues. At that time, millions of people lost their employment, and in many cases, they were on the verge of starvation. Moreover, homelessness became much more widespread in the country. In contrast, the Social Security Act was aimed at assisting those people who could not support themselves. The text of this document can be regarded as the excellent primary source that can throw light on the intentions of policy-makers who attempted to create the model of state that could better ensure the welfare of the citizens. From the very start, the authors state that the main purpose of this law is to â€Å"provide for the general welfare† of people (The Social Security Act, 1935, par. 1). They focus on the specific populations.Advertising Looking for essay on history? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More For instance, one can speak about old people who cannot earn their living (The Social Security Act, 1935). Moreover, this legal act was supposed to benefit those individuals who could not find employment at that time when many businesses went bankrupt (The Social Security Act, 1935). Additionally, the legislators attached importance to the needs of children, especially orphans. It is possible to argue that legislators wanted to protect those citizens who were more vulnerable at the time of economic crisis. On the whole, the adoption of this law can be viewed as an important landmark in the history of the United States. At that moment, the government assumed some responsibility for the welfare of its citizens. More importantly, it imposed some obligations on businesses. To a great extent, this law shaped the functioning of the state for a long time. Moreover, this legal act signified the departure from the princip les of the laisser-faire economy which was favored in the past. The government had to become an arbiter that was supposed to protect the interests of vulnerable groups. This is why the Social Security Act should not be overlooked by economists or historians. Overall, the Social Security Act received different assessments. For instance, one can speak about Alf Landon who made the famous speech I Will Not Promise the Moon (1936). This politician criticized this law because in his opinion, it could not significantly contribute to the welfare of American citizens. He believed that this law imposed a heavy burden on employers and employers (Landon, 1936). More importantly, this politician argued that taxpayers’ money could be used more ineffectively (Landon, 1936). The main arguments of Alf Landon are based on the premise that American citizens may not necessarily receive the intended benefits of this legal act. Instead, they should be allowed to use this money independently (Land on, 1936). His opinions were shared by many entrepreneurs who believed that the government infringed on their economic and political rights. This primary source is of great value because it shows how the Social Security Act could be perceived by some Americans.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Social Security Act of 1935 specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More However, Alf Landon represented a particular political agenda that had its strengths and weaknesses. Therefore, his assessment of the events may not be accurate. On the whole, this speech can be helpful for understanding the nature of political debates that could be held in 1935. This is one of the points that can be made. It should be taken into account that the Social Security Act could have had even more profound implications for the functioning of the U.S. government. Originally, legislators intended to include a provision according to which every unemployed p erson was entitled to the job in the private sector (Rose, 1989, p. 63). However, this omission was eventually excluded because this requirement could intervene into the existing labor market (Rose, 1989, p. 63). More important, this policy could significantly reduce the productivity of labor (Rose, 1989, p. 63). So, it is important to remember that this law raised the level of expectations that American could set for the government. Such an author as Nancy Rose (1989) discusses the origins of this law. This secondary source is valuable because it provides a valuable analysis of how the government tried to consider the interests of various groups. This issue is also examined by Jill Quadango (1984) who shows how the policies of the government were influenced by corporations that could influence the work of legislators. This author argues that the leading American companies attempted to mitigate the effects of the new social policies on their performance (Quadagno, 1984). The represe ntatives of these interest groups did not want the government to intervene in their economic activities since this intervention could undermine their economic performance (Quadagno, 1984). So, one should not suppose that every citizen was willing to embrace this law. These are the main issues that should be taken into account. On the whole, this discussion shows that the Social Security Act proved to be a vital milestone in the social history of the United Stated. To a great extent, it marked the beginning of the welfare state. At that moment, the government changed its attitude toward the development of economy.Advertising Looking for essay on history? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More In particular, the state began to redistribute wealth among the citizens of the country. The sources that have been identified are useful for analyzing this event. To a great extent, they illustrate some of the responses to the law. In contrast, secondary sources can show how a particular event can be evaluated by historians and economists. The use of these sources can help a person gain a more comprehensive idea about the influence of the Social Security Act. On the whole, the adoption of this legal act dramatically changed the political and economic landscape of the United States. These are the main details that should be singled out. Reference List Landon, A. (1936). I Will Not Promise the Moon. Retrieved from http://historymatters.gmu.edu/d/8128/ Rose, N. E. (1989). Work relief in the 1930s and the origins of the social security act.  Social Service Review, 63(1), 63-91. The Social Security Act. (1935) Retrieved from https://www.ourdocuments.gov/doc.php?flash=truedoc=68page=tr anscript Quadango, J. (1984). Welfare Capitalism and the Social Security Act of 1935. American  Sociological Review, 49 (5), 632-647. This essay on Social Security Act of 1935 was written and submitted by user Charle1gh to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.

Taliesin West - Organic Design in a Desert Garden

Taliesin West - Organic Design in a Desert Garden Taliesin West  began not as a grand scheme, but a simple need. Frank Lloyd Wright and his apprentices had traveled a long distance from his Taliesin school in Spring Green, Wisconsin to build a resort hotel in Chandler, Arizona. Because they were far from home, they set up camp on a stretch of the Sonoran Desert near the construction site outside of Scottsdale. Wright fell in love with the desert. He wrote in 1935 that the desert was a grand garden, with its rim of arid mountains spotted like the leopards skin or tattooed with amazing patterns of creation. Its sheer beauty of space and pattern does not exist, I think, in the world, Wright proclaimed. This great desert garden is Arizonas chief asset. Building Taliesin West The early encampment at Taliesin West contained little more than temporary shelters made of wood and canvas. However, Frank Lloyd Wright was inspired by the dramatic, rugged landscape. He envisioned an elaborate complex of buildings that would embody his concept of organic architecture. He wanted the buildings to evolve from and blend with the environment. In 1937, the desert school known as Taliesin West was launched. Following in the tradition of Taliesin in Wisconsin, Wrights apprentices studied, worked, and lived in shelters they crafted using materials native to the land. Taliesin is a Welsh word meaning shining brow. Both of Wrights Taliesin homesteads hug the contours of the earth like a shining brow on the hilly landscape. Organic Design at Taliesin West Architectural historian G. E. Kidder Smith reminds us that Wright taught his students to design in kinship with the environment, admonishing students, for instance, not to build on top of a hill in dominance, but beside it in partnership. This is the essence of organic architecture. Lugging stone and sand, the students constructed buildings that seemed to grow from the earth and the McDowell Mountains. Wood and steel beams supported translucent canvas roofs. Natural stone combined with glass and plastic to create surprising shapes and textures. Interior space flowed naturally into the open desert. For awhile, Taliesin West was a retreat from the harsh Wisconsin winters. Eventually, air conditioning was added and students stayed through the fall and spring. Taliesin West Today At Taliesin West, the desert is never still. Over the years, Wright and his students made many changes, and the school continues to evolve. Today, the 600 acre complex includes a drafting studio, Wrights former architectural office and living quarters, a dining room and kitchen, several theaters, housing for apprentices and staff, a student workshop, and expansive grounds with pools, terraces and gardens. Experimental structures built by apprentice architects dot the landscape. Taliesin West is home of the Frank Lloyd Wright School of Architecture, whose alumni become Taliesin Fellows. Taliesin West is also the headquarters of the FLW Foundation, a powerful overseer of Wrights properties, mission, and legacy. In 1973 the American Institute of Architects (AIA) gave the property its Twenty-five Year Award. On its fiftieth anniversary in 1987, Taliesin West won special recognition from the U.S. House of Representatives, which called the complex the highest achievement in American artistic and architectural expression. According to the American Institute of Architects (AIA), Taliesin West is one of 17 buildings in the United States that exemplify Wrights contribution to American architecture. Next to Wisconsin, gathering of the waters, Wright has written, Arizona, arid zone, is my favorite State. Each very different from the other, but something individual in them both not to be found elsewhere. Sources Frank Lloyd Wright On Architecture: Selected Writings (1894-1940), Frederick Gutheim, ed., Grossets Universal Library, 1941, pp. 197, 159Source Book of American Architecture by G. E. Kidder Smith, Princeton Architectural Press, 1996, p. 390The Future of Architecture by Frank Lloyd Wright, New American Library, Horizon Press, 1953, p. 21

Fruitadens - Facts and Figures

Fruitadens - Facts and Figures Name: Fruitadens (Greek for Fruita tooth); pronounced FROO-tah-denz Habitat: Woodlands of North America Historical Period: Late Jurassic (150 million years ago) Size and Weight: About two feet long and 1-2 pounds Diet: Probably omnivorous Distinguishing Characteristics: Exceptionally small size; bipedal posture; possibly feathers About Fruitadens It happens more often than you think, but the fossil specimens of Fruitadens languished for over two decades in museum collections before being meticulously examined. What these paleontologists found made headlines worldwide: a tiny (one or two pounds max), late Jurassic dinosaur that fed opportunistically on any bugs, plants, and any small critters that happened across its path. Fruitadens has proven difficult to classify; it has now been pegged as an ornithopod, and is believed to have been a close (albeit much smaller) relative of the different-toothed dinosaur Heterodontosaurus. (By the way, the name Fruitadens is often mistakenly translated as fruit tooth, but this wee dinosaur was actually named after the Fruita region of Colorado, where its fossil specimens were excavated in the late 1070s.) How could a dinosaur as tiny and inoffensive as Fruitadens survive in late Jurassic North America, home to giant, multi-ton sauropods like Brachiosaurus and fierce predators like Allosaurus? Logically enough, this tiny ornithischian probably adopted a similar strategy as the comparably sized mammals of the Mesozoic Era, scurrying through the underbrush (perhaps at night) and, just possibly, climbing trees to stay out of the way of larger dinosaurs. (In case you were wondering, as tiny as it was, Fruitafossor isnt the smallest dinosaur in the fossil record; that honor belongs to the four-winged Microraptor of early Cretaceous Asia, which was only about the size of a pigeon!)

Fruitadens - Facts and Figures

Fruitadens - Facts and Figures Name: Fruitadens (Greek for Fruita tooth); pronounced FROO-tah-denz Habitat: Woodlands of North America Historical Period: Late Jurassic (150 million years ago) Size and Weight: About two feet long and 1-2 pounds Diet: Probably omnivorous Distinguishing Characteristics: Exceptionally small size; bipedal posture; possibly feathers About Fruitadens It happens more often than you think, but the fossil specimens of Fruitadens languished for over two decades in museum collections before being meticulously examined. What these paleontologists found made headlines worldwide: a tiny (one or two pounds max), late Jurassic dinosaur that fed opportunistically on any bugs, plants, and any small critters that happened across its path. Fruitadens has proven difficult to classify; it has now been pegged as an ornithopod, and is believed to have been a close (albeit much smaller) relative of the different-toothed dinosaur Heterodontosaurus. (By the way, the name Fruitadens is often mistakenly translated as fruit tooth, but this wee dinosaur was actually named after the Fruita region of Colorado, where its fossil specimens were excavated in the late 1070s.) How could a dinosaur as tiny and inoffensive as Fruitadens survive in late Jurassic North America, home to giant, multi-ton sauropods like Brachiosaurus and fierce predators like Allosaurus? Logically enough, this tiny ornithischian probably adopted a similar strategy as the comparably sized mammals of the Mesozoic Era, scurrying through the underbrush (perhaps at night) and, just possibly, climbing trees to stay out of the way of larger dinosaurs. (In case you were wondering, as tiny as it was, Fruitafossor isnt the smallest dinosaur in the fossil record; that honor belongs to the four-winged Microraptor of early Cretaceous Asia, which was only about the size of a pigeon!)

LNG as Fuel for Aircraft Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

LNG as Fuel for Aircraft - Essay Example Conceptual Configuration 1.1 Liquefaction Cycle Liquefaction allows gas to be stored economically. Propane Precooled Multi-Component Refrigerant Cycle (Carson’s Report, pg 221) will be used to create the LNG from the natural gas feed. This process also known as the C3-MR system is used widely in today’s LNG industries. This system uses a multi-component refrigerant, usually nitrogen, methane, propane, butane, ethane and pentane to condense and evaporate natural gas in one cycle over a wide range of temperatures.( http://books.google.com.au/books?id=b14hnWUAOPYC&pg=PA115&lpg=PA115&dq=propane-precooled+multi-component+refrigerant+cycle&source=bl&ots=NyBe3x3X2H&sig=lGG5YDOJ9TkF_ntOmXjcG2Es2Fc&hl=en#v=onepage&q=propane-precooled%20multi-component%20refrigerant%20cycle&f=false) 1.2 Storage Facility In this section we will show our storage facility by calculating the storage capacity needed (table 1.2.1), studying the current LNG storage tanks and their capacity and choosing the appropriate facility for our project. Storage Capacity                Number of Flights per day    14                      Usage per Flight          LNG Density (kg/m^3)    455 Weight (kg)    26043.97 Volume(m^3)    57.23949                      Usage per Day          LNG Density (kg/m^3)    455 Weight (kg)    364615.6 Volume(m^3)    801.3529                   Needed storage capacity per day (m^3)                LNG 801.3529             Annual Storage Capacity (m^3)                LNG 292493.8    Table 1.2.1 Storage Capacity Calculation LNG is a cryogenic liquid. The term â€Å"cryogenic† means low temperature, generally below -73 °C. LNG is a clear liquid, with a density of about 45% that of water. The LNG is typically stored in double-walled tanks at atmospheric pressure. The storage tank is actually a tank within a tank. The annular space between the two tank wal ls is filled with insulation. The inner tank, in contact with the LNG, is made of 9% nickel steel, suitable for cryogenic service and structural loading of LNG. The outer tank is generally made of carbon steel or prestressed concrete. 1.3 Processing Facility This stage includes the requirements to sub-cool LNG prior to the loading into the aircraft fuel pods. Lng needs to be sub cooled to -161 degrees Celsius for it to remain in the liquid form. 1.4 Distribution Facility Our distribution facility will include pipings, pumps and hydrants required to deliver LNG from the storage tanks to the aircraft. Pipeline System As the liquefaction and storage facilities are within the airport boundary, the pipeline costs will be lesser than that of distribution and transportation through trucks. Sizing requirements to meet the distance from the storage tanks to the aircraft. To be able to simultaneously fill 2 aircrafts at one time. Under the ground (trench covered by open grating) to prevent he at penetration. Pipeline insulation by thick polyurethane to prevent heat infiltration. 2. Ground Systems Operating Procedure The primary operations that will be considered in this section: Receipt of gas for liquefaction Liquefaction Storage Delivery of LNG In our project, we will be receiving liquefied natural gas, which will eliminate the process of liquefaction. The reason for such an arrangement would be that the amount of LNG usage for our operation does not require a facility to produce LNG with a natural gas feed. Also, costs are not feasible to create a natural gas feed at the airports. With this, we move on to the

How to teach literacy and Multi-literacy Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

How to teach literacy and Multi-literacy - Essay Example Multi-literacy requires students to integrate technological educational tools. One of the ways teachers can teach literary and multi-literacy is by integrating them teaching. This means that teachers should integrate four essential components of multi-literacy teaching. These are overt instructions, situated practices, transformed action and critical framing (Gambrell, Marrow & Pressley, 2011). Situated practice focuses students to meaningful learning through the integration of primary knowledge. Overt instruction directs students to systematic processes of learning. Critical framing enables students to learn how to approach the diverse environment in order to improve their learning experiences. Teachers can also use transformed action teaching to teach students how to apply lessons to real life experiences. Teaching literacy and multi-literacy can lead to the adoption of new ideas and practices. It can also help in overcoming the limitations experienced in traditional learning approaches. Teaching literacy and multi-literacy introduces teachers to new pedagogical approaches and practices, which creates opportunities for future learning and teaching. The four ways in which teachers can teach literary and multi-literacy are the use of situated practices, critical framing, overt instructions and transformed actions. These methods have the potential to guide teachers to provide equal access to teaching and learning

Employment Relations Essay Example for Free

Employment Relations Essay The dynamic nature of the business environment and the increasing global competition has prompted business owners as well as other stakeholders to pay more attention to the area of employment relations. This can be attributed to the increased level of awareness regarding the relationship between employment relations and productivity . Management teams in most organizations have taken a keen interest in employment relations now more than ever before. Today, human resource practitioners and departments in organizations have rapidly transformed into most vibrant people and departments due to their increasingly important roles. This paper analyses the role played by the management in regard to the formation and structure of employment relations in the context of the retail industry in Australia. Employment relations (ER) refer to the different systems and techniques utilized in managing people. Employment relations are a broad and all encompassing term that also covers human resource management and industrial relations (Guite, T. 1999). Human resource management revolves the directing and controlling of the work force in a particular organization to forge unity so that there can be harmonious relationship between the management and workers for maximum productivity (Nilson, C. 2003. ). Industrial relation has to do with the resolution with work related disputes between the employees and their organizations and the management (Guite, T. 1999). There have been significant reforms in Australia in the last decade in regard to industrial disputation. This has seen the reduction of inconsistencies in the area of dispute and conflict management. ER as a professional field includes the laid down rules and regulations, attitudes, cultures, policies and behavior surrounding the employment relationship (Cranny, C et al, 1992). It involves the participation of key players such as employees with their formal and informal organizations, employers with their associations and the government and its relevant institutions in regard to their employment concerns. Employment relationship refers to the contract between two parties one being the employee and the other the employer. The employee is the person in servitude to the other under contractual terms, which may be written or oral (Walter, J. 2006). In this relationship the employer has an upper hand in the decision-making and conceptually is the one who gives the direction, which is to be followed. Concept This leadership role is key to any organization and may be held by an individual (in cases of small and micro businesses) or a management team in cases of medium or large organizations. The management has the role of controlling and directing people towards achieving corporate objective. Team work is involved where one person is not able to produce what is actually needed in the company. Potential human resources, financial resources and natural resources are all deployed and manipulated through the management (Mullins, L. 2005. ). Management as a function in the organization involves the act of getting things done through people in the most efficient way on a regular basis. The management is also charged with the responsibility of initializing plans and action that ought to be taken by the organization in order to reach the corporate objective. The management therefore is involved in the planning, organizing, motivating, controlling, coordinating the resources in an organization in order to achieve the maximum possible productivity levels. There are different arms under which the management falls including human resource management, operations management, production management, strategic management, financial management and information technology management (Walter, J. 2006). In this section, we are interested in the human resource management where it is noted that the role of this arm of management has been changing and becoming increasingly important in organizations today. The human resource department in any organization has the role of understanding and developing the human capital as well as engaged in dissemination of good organizational culture among the workforce (Cranny, C et al, 1992). The key role of management in employment relations is defined as communication. Various aspects of employees’ relationship with the management are handled according to the laid down rules, policies, and practices of the organization. In the modern workplace the employees are encouraged to air their views and grievances through this important arm of the management. This has the impact of reducing organizational conflicts and thus saving organizations both money and time that would otherwise have been used in the follow-ups of litigation cases. Other specific areas of interest between management and employees include payments of wages, bonuses and salaries, workplace conflict resolution, work timetable, health and safety, productivity targets and general grievances that employees may have . It cannot therefore be said that the management plays a passive role in employment relations rather in this day and age; the management plays an all important role that has the effect of unifying all the resources of the organization especially the human resource in order to maximize productivity. The management ensures that all the employees are working together in harmony towards the cooperate goal. In addition to this, the management has to engage in dialogue with the relevant government institutions in order to ensure that all regulations pertaining to employment relations are adhered to. It can therefore be said that the management has a most central role in holding together the different stake holders in employment relations. That task requires different skills and knowledge of management and leadership methods. Retail industry in Australia The retail industry in Australia is by far the biggest employer employing about 12% of the working population. The retail markets consist of sellers of goods directly to consumers and other final users. This industry is also characterized by the highest number of untrained workers. The working conditions are most varied and working hours are not regulated but are determined by the individual retailers. Important changes to the retail work relations systems have been introduced in the work relations act of 1996 (Pocock, Barbara Masterman-Smith, Helen. 2005). One of the responsibilities for determining all matters touching on the employer/employee relationship is on the hands of these two key stakeholders at the work place. According to the new rules, and agreements employers and employees are encouraged to resolve their matters without relying on external mediators. However, the key areas such as minimum wages and working conditions standards have been established by the Australian fair pay commission as well as the parliamentary decree(Catanzariti, J. Baragwanath, M. 1997 ). There has been a major reform in employee relations in the retail industry in Australia. There have been conscious measures to regulate the work place environment in this industry with different variations sort in recognition to the changes made to the shop trading hours act of 1997. Some of these variations include the expansion and scope of working hours, the minimum wage upgrades (Creighton, B. Stewart, A. 994). There has also been a need for direction on the number of hours that employees should be given for leave. Additionally, when working at odd hours different pay terms have been negotiated. This includes working on Sundays and working at night. In order to ensure that employees are not overworked, it has been suggested that there be introduced a system of working shifts. The federal government in Australia is mandated by the constitution to make laws that regulate matters concerning conciliation and dispute resolution in order to prevent industrial dispute that would extent beyond anyone state (Teicher, J. Lambert, R. O’Rourke, A. 2006. ). Workers in the retail industry in Australia have enjoyed higher standards of living due to significant legislative reforms regarding the work place relation. These reforms have also served to increase productivity due to the lower rates of industrial disputation. However, more reforms are needed to increase the flexibility and options for both employees and employers. These interventions measures by the government are aimed at spurring economic growth as well improve global competitiveness. The retail industry is a good place to begin owing that it is the major employer in Australia. Today, there has been less dependence on awards by industrial tribunals that were used to negotiate and determine the environment as well as compensation and benefits for employees within the traditional work place relations systems. The management, has been empowered further by these new reforms since all matters and disputes that regard work place relations are first to be dealt with between the employees and employers before any further form of remedial action can be taken. The work place relations act of 1996 has ensured that the alias award system by industrial tribunals has a minimum role of determining minimum wages instead of its initial role of determination and prescription of employees’ wages, and conditions allowed by their employers. Decentralized agreement mean that negotiations are done between employers and employees or between employers and employees organizations (unions) and thirdly, between the management and government institutions. Employees have the option of requesting for a bargaining agent. The retail workers are also vulnerable to different forms of injustices. The comprehensive reforms in work place relations follow the introduction of work choices legislation in 2005 (Catanzariti, J. Baragwanath, M. 1997). Some of the changes touch on work place health and safety application, new dismissal provision, and new transmission of laid down regulations, buying and selling of businesses, union restriction and the scrapping of no disadvantage test among other changes (Creighton, B. Stewart, A. 1994). All these reforms have the effect of giving more responsibility to the management in this matter of employment relations than ever before. Employer obligations are made known to all in the varied business situations. The reforms have also resulted in employees enjoying more freedom and job securities because employers are required to take great care when effecting a dismissal since employees can now claim compensation against unlawful dismissal or discrimination. These laws are applied widely to even small businesses with less than hundred employees. These small businesses are mostly consisting of retail businesses. The importance of management in employment relation cannot be over emphasized. This is highlighted by the fact that the management as a key stake holder is charged with the responsibility of coordinating all the relations between labor unions and labor laws. This is done with the sole aim of improving the quality of produce as well as achievement of organizational goals. It has to be noted here that the management is responsible to the business owners and stakeholders if there is a slackening in productivity or if profitability decreases. Therefore, the management is under pressure to ensure that there is a conducive working environment as well as quality working life for its employees in order to make it possible for success to be achieved. In the retail industry, the management of these businesses is subjected to the obligation of comprehending the laid down guidelines regarding employment relations. Conclusion. It is evident from these discussions that the management is at the centre of all matters relating to employment relations. The management roles as key stakeholder in organizational structure ensures that the management has not only understand the broader concepts of employers obligations to the employees but also forge a working relationship with the labor unions while ensuring that all the legal regulations are adhered to. Since the last decade several reforms in the area of employment relations have been undertaken and they have served to empower the management and to increase its responsibilities towards its employees and towards ensuring that laws are followed to the letter. These increased responsibilities have helped to streamline the work place environment especially in the retail industry which had been earlier characterized by inconsistencies and to great extent injustices towards employees. The management is now required to be extra vigilant to ensure that employment relations systems in a particular organization are such that they serve to improve productivity and to ensure that the company utilizes all their human resources for the achievement of corporate objective.

Analysis of Richard Adams Watership Down :: essays research papers

  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Hazel became the leader of the rabbits once they left their original warren. He was a very smart and tricky rabbit who won the respect and trust of the other rabbits by his courage and many great deeds. He always handled problems calmly so others would also remained calm. Whenever a plan was needed, Hazel would always come up with one.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Fiver, the younger brother of Hazel, was unique because of his small size and ability to foresee danger. He saved the rabbits from death by warning some rabbits of the danger.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Bigwig, a great fighting and courageous rabbit, was essential for the success of the traveling rabbits. He loved to fight and always did his best to protect the others. He was also the bird Kehaar’s best friend and enjoyed spending time with him. Blackberry was the most intelligent rabbit in the group. For example, he made a boat to cross a river although the others had never even seen or understood the floating concept. Blackberry always helped Hazel to think of ideas when problems arose. Dandelion, another smart rabbit, was known for his speed and for his great story telling of El-ahrairah, the rabbit folk hero. He could always tell stories which distracted and eased the rabbits from problems. Pipkin, a good friend of Fiver, was small like Fiver but acted as if he was as big as Bigwig. He always did what he was told and never complained. PLOT One day Fiver, sensing danger, convinced his brother Hazel that they must leave their warren. Hazel tried to warn the Chief Rabbit of the danger, but he did not listen. Hazel gathered a group and went along the brook until they reached another warren of rabbits. These rabbits were very strange and acted differently from other rabbits. Hazel and his group decided to leave after Bigwig got caught in a wire. The man would feed the rabbits so they would become big and healthy; then the man would kill them. After many days of travel, Hazel and the others came to Watership Down, which was an excellent place for a warren. The soil was perfect, and enemies could be spotted from many miles away. Here they dug a burrows where the rabbits were happy. Hazel made friends with animals such as mice and even a bird named Kehaar. Hazel then realized that the warren needed does to survive. He used Kehaar to find some does. They made a raid on a farm and brought back two does. Then three of four rabbits left to visit a big warren to ask for

Blood Promise Chapter Eighteen

Unsurprisingly, I woke up with a headache. For a few addled seconds, I had no idea what had happened or where I was. As drowsiness wore off, the events on the street came slamming back to me. I sat upright, all of my defenses kicking into action, despite the slight wooziness in my head. Time to figure out where I was now. I sat up on an enormous bed in a darkened room. No-not just a room. More like a suite or a studio. I'd thought the hotel in Saint Petersburg was opulent, but this blew it away. The half of the studio I sat in contained the bed and usual bedroom accessories: a dresser, nightstands, etc. The other half looked like a living room area, with a couch and a television. Shelves were built into the walls, all of them filled with books. Off to my right was a short hall with a door at the end. Probably a bathroom. On my other side was a large picture window, tinted, as Moroi windows often were. This one had more tint than any I'd ever seen. It was almost solid black, nearly impossible to see through. Only the fact that I could differentiate the sky from the horizon-after a fair amount of squinting-let me know it was daytime out there. I slid off the bed, my senses on high alert as I tried to assess my danger. My stomach felt fine; there were no Strigoi in the area. That didn't necessarily rule out some other person, however. I couldn't take anything for granted-doing so was what had gotten me in trouble on the street. There was no time to ponder that, though. Not quite yet. If I did, my resolve here was going to falter. Sliding off the bed, I reached into my coat pocket for the stake. Gone, of course. I saw nothing else nearby that would pass as a weapon, meaning I'd have to rely on my own body to do my fighting. Out of the corner of my eye, I caught sight of a light switch on the wall. I flipped it on and froze, waiting to see what-or who-the overhead lights would unveil. Nothing unusual. No one else. Immediately, I did the first obvious thing and checked the door. It was locked, as I'd expected, and the only way of opening it was a numeric keypad. Plus, it was heavy and made of what looked like steel. It reminded me of a fire door. There was no getting past it, so I turned back around to continue my exploration. It was actually kind of ironic. A lot of my classes had gone over detailed ways of checking out a place. I'd always hated those; I'd wanted to learn about fighting. Now it appeared those lessons that had seemed useless at the time had real purpose. The light had brought the suite's objects into sharper relief. The bed was covered in an ivory satin duvet, filled to maximum fluffiness with down. Creeping over to the living room, I saw that the TV was nice-really nice. Large-screen plasma. It looked brand-new. The couches were nice too, covered in matte green leather. It was an unusual color choice for leather, but it worked. All of the furniture in the place-tables, desk, dresser was made of a smooth, polished black wood. In a corner of the living room, I saw a small refrigerator. Kneeling down, I opened it up to find bottled water and juice, assorted fruits, and bags of perfectly cut cheeses. On top of the refrigerator was more snack-type food: nuts, crackers, and some type of glazed pastry. My stomach growled at the sight of it, but no way was I going to eat anything in this place. The bathroom was done in the same style as the rest of the studio. The shower and large Jacuzzi tub were made of black polished marble, and little soaps and shampoos lined the counter. A larger mirror hung over the sink, except†¦ it wasn't actually hanging. It was embedded so tightly into the wall that there was absolutely no way it could be removed. The material was strange too. It looked more like reflective metal than glass. At first I thought that was strange, until I raced back out to the main room and looked around. There was absolutely nothing here that could be turned into a weapon. The TV was too big to move or break, short of cracking the screen, which looked like it was made of some high-tech plastic. There was no glass in any of the tables. The shelves were embedded. The bottles in the refrigerator were all plastic. And the window†¦ I ran over to it, feeling along its edges. Like the mirror, it was fitted perfectly into the wall. There were no panes. It was one smooth piece. Squinting again, I finally got a detailed view of my outer surroundings and saw†¦ nothing. The land appeared to be rolling plains, with only a few scattered trees. It reminded me of the wilderness I'd traveled while going to Baia. I was no longer in Novosibirsk, apparently. And peering down, I saw that I was fairly high up. Fourth floor, maybe. Whatever it was, it was too high to jump without breaking a limb. Still, I had to take some sort of action. I couldn't just sit here. I picked up the desk's chair and slammed it into the window-and achieved little effect on either the chair or the glass. â€Å"Jesus Christ,† I muttered. I tried three more times and still had no luck. It was like they were both made of steel. Maybe the glass was some kind of bulletproof industrial strength stuff. And the chair†¦ well, hell if I knew. It was all one piece of wood and showed no signs of splintering, even after what I'd just put it through. But since I'd spent my whole life doing things that weren't that reasonable, I kept trying to break the glass. I was on my fifth try when my stomach warned me of a Strigoi's approach. Spinning around, I kept a hold of the chair and charged the door. It opened, and I slammed into the intruder, with the chair's legs pointing out. It was Dimitri. Those same conflicted feelings I'd felt on the street returned to me, love mingled with terror. This time, I pushed through the love, not flinching in my attack. Not that it did much good. Hitting him was like hitting the window. He shoved me back, and I staggered, still holding onto the chair. I kept my balance and charged once more. This time, when we collided, he grabbed a hold of the chair and ripped it from my hands. He then tossed it into the wall, like it weighed nothing. Without that meager weapon, it was back to relying on my own body's strength. I'd been doing it for the last couple of weeks with our Strigoi questioning; this should have been the same. Of course, I'd had four other people then as backup. And none of those Strigoi had been Dimitri. Even as a dhampir, he'd been hard to beat. Now he was just as skilled-only faster and stronger. He also knew all my moves, seeing as he'd taught them to me. It was almost impossible to surprise him. But just like with the window, I couldn't stay inactive. I was trapped in a room-the fact that it was a big, luxurious room didn't matter-with a Strigoi. A Strigoi. That's what I had to keep telling myself. There was a Strigoi in here. Not Dimitri. Everything I'd told Denis and the others applied here. Be smart. Be vigilant. Defend yourself. â€Å"Rose,† he said, deflecting one of my kicks effortlessly. â€Å"You're wasting time. Stop.† Oh, that voice. Dimitri's voice. The voice I heard when I fell asleep at night, the voice that had once told me he loved me†¦ No! It's not him. Dimitri is gone. This is a monster. Desperately, I tried to think of how I could win here. I even thought of the ghosts I'd summoned on the road. Mark had said I could do that in moments of wild emotion and that they'd fight for me. This was as wild as emotion could get, yet I couldn't seem to call them. I honestly had no clue how I'd done it before, and all the wishing in the world couldn't make it happen now. Damn. What good were terrifying powers if I couldn't use them to my advantage? Instead, I pulled the DVD player off its shelf, cords ripping from the wall. It wasn't much of a weapon, but I was desperate now. I heard a strange, primal battle scream, and some distant part of me realized I was making it. Again, I ran at Dimitri, swinging the DVD player as hard as I could. It probably would have hurt a little-if it had hit him. It didn't. He intercepted it again, taking it from me, and throwing it down. It smashed to pieces on the floor. In the same motion, he grabbed a hold of my arms to stop me from hitting or reaching for something else. His grip was hard, like it could break my bones, but I kept struggling. He tried reason again. â€Å"I'm not going to hurt you. Roza, please stop.† Roza. The old nickname. The name he'd first called me when we'd fallen prey to Victor's lust charm, both of us wrapped naked in each other's arms †¦ This isn't the Dimitri you knew. My hands were incapacitated, so I struck out with my legs and feet as best I could. It didn't do much. Without full use of the rest of my body for balance, I had no force to throw into my kicks. For his part, he looked more annoyed than truly concerned or angry. With a loud sigh, he grabbed me by the shoulders and flipped me around, pressing me against the wall and immobilizing me with the full force of his body. I struggled a little but was as pinned as the Strigoi had been when the others and I had gone hunting. The universe had a sick sense of humor. â€Å"Stop fighting me.† His breath was warm against my neck, his body right up against mine. I knew his mouth was only a couple inches away. â€Å"I'm not going to hurt you.† I gave another fruitless shove. My breath was coming in ragged gasps, and my head injury throbbed. â€Å"You'll have to understand if I have a hard time believing that.† â€Å"If I wanted you dead, you'd be dead. Now, if you're going to keep fighting, I'll have to tie you up. If you stop, I'll let you stay unrestrained.† â€Å"Aren't you afraid I'll escape?† â€Å"No.† His voice was perfectly calm, and chills ran down my spine. â€Å"I am not.† We stood like that for almost a minute, deadlocked. My mind raced. It was true that he probably would have killed me already if that were his intent, yet that gave me no reason to believe I was even remotely safe. Nonetheless, we were at a draw in this fight. Okay, draw wasn't entirely accurate. I was at a draw. He was toying with me. My head was throbbing where his blow had landed, and this pointless fighting would only take a further toll. I had to regain my strength in order to find a way to escape-if I lived that long. I also needed to stop thinking about how close our bodies were. After our months of being so careful not to touch, this much contact was heady. I relaxed in his hold. â€Å"Okay.† He hesitated before letting me go, probably wondering if he could trust me. The whole moment reminded me of when we'd been together in the little cabin on the periphery of the Academy's grounds. I'd been raging and upset, brimming with spirit's darkness. Dimitri had held me down then, too, and talked me out of that horrible state. We had kissed, then his hands had lifted my shirt, and-no, no. Not here. I couldn't think about that here. Dimitri finally eased up, releasing me from the wall. I turned around, and all my instincts wanted to lash out and attack him again. Sternly, I reminded myself to bide my time so that I could gain more strength and information. Even though he'd let me go, he hadn't moved away. We were only a foot apart. Against my better judgment, I found myself taking him in again, like I had on the street. How could he be the same and yet so different? I tried my best not to focus on the similarities-his hair, the difference in our heights, the shape of his face. Instead, I concentrated on the Strigoi features, the red in his eyes and pallor of his skin. I was so fixated on my task that it took me a moment to realize he wasn't saying anything either. He was studying me intently, like his eyes could look right through me. I shivered. It almost-almost!-seemed as though I captivated him the same way he captivated me. That was impossible, though. Strigoi didn't possess those kinds of emotions, and besides, the thought of him still having any affection for me was probably just wishful thinking on my part. His face had always been hard to read, and now it was overlaid with a mask of cunning and coldness that made it truly impossible to know what was on his mind. â€Å"Why did you come here?† he asked at last. â€Å"Because you hit me on the head and dragged me here.† If I was going to die, I was going to go in true Rose style. The old Dimitri would have cracked a smile or given an exasperated sigh. This one remained impassive. â€Å"That's not what I meant, and you know it. Why are you here?† His voice was low and dangerous. I'd thought Abe was scary, but there was no competition at all. Even Zmey would have backed off. â€Å"In Siberia? I came to find you.† â€Å"I came here to get away from you.† I was so shocked that I said something utterly ridiculous. â€Å"Why? Because I might kill you?† The look he gave me showed that he thought that was indeed a ridiculous thing to say. â€Å"No. So we wouldn't be in this situation. Now we are, and the choice is inevitable.† I wasn't entirely sure what this situation was. â€Å"Well, you can let me go if you want to avoid it.† He stepped away and walked toward the living room without looking back at me. I was tempted to try to do a sneak attack on him, but something told me I'd probably only make it about four feet before getting backhanded. He sat down in one of the luxurious leather armchairs, folding his six-foot-seven frame up as gracefully as he'd always done. God, why did he have to be so contradictory? He had the old Dimitri's habits mixed with those of a monster. I stayed where I was, huddled against the wall. â€Å"Not possible anymore. Not after seeing you now†¦Ã¢â‚¬  Again, he studied me. It felt strange. Part of me responded with excitement to the intensity of his gaze, loving the way he surveyed my body from head to toe. The other part of me felt dirty, like slime or muck was oozing over my skin as he studied me. â€Å"You're still as beautiful as I remember, Roza. Not that I should have expected anything different.† I didn't know what to say to that. I'd never really had a conversation with a Strigoi, short of trading a few insults and threats in the midst of a fight. The nearest I'd come was when I'd been held captive by Isaiah. I actually had been tied up then, and most of the talking had been about him killing me. This†¦ well, it wasn't like that, but it was still definitely creepy. I crossed my arms over my chest and backed up against the wall. It was the closest I could come to some semblance of a defense. He tilted his head, watching me carefully. A shadow fell across his face in such a way that it made the red in his eyes hard to see. Instead, they looked dark. Just like they used to, endless and wonderful, filled with love and bravery†¦ â€Å"You can sit down,† he said. â€Å"I'm fine over here.† â€Å"Is there anything else you want?† â€Å"For you to let me go?† For a moment, I thought I saw a bit of that old wryness in his face, the kind he'd get when I made jokes. Studying him, I decided I'd imagined it. â€Å"No, Roza. I meant, do you need anything here? Different food? Books? Entertainment?† I stared incredulously. â€Å"You make it sound like some sort of luxury hotel!† â€Å"It is, to a certain extent. I can speak to Galina, and she'll get you anything you wish.† â€Å"Galina?† Dimitri's lips turned up in a smile. Well, kind of. I think his thoughts were fond, but the smile conveyed none of that. It was chilling, dark, and full of secrets. Only my refusal to show weakness before him stopped me from cringing. â€Å"Galina is my old instructor, back from when I was in school.† â€Å"She's Strigoi?† â€Å"Yes. She was awakened several years ago, in a fight in Prague. She's relatively young for a Strigoi, but she's risen in power. All of this is hers.† Dimitri gestured around us. â€Å"And you live with her?† I asked, curious in spite of myself. I wondered exactly what kind of relationship they had, and to my surprise, I felt†¦ jealous. Not that I had reason to. He was a Strigoi, beyond me now. And it wouldn't be the first time a teacher and student had gotten together†¦ â€Å"I work for her. She was another reason I returned here when I was awakened. I knew she was Strigoi, and I wanted her guidance.† â€Å"And you wanted to get away from me. That was the other reason, right?† His only answer was a nod of his head. No elaboration. â€Å"Where are we? We're far from Novosibirsk, right?† â€Å"Yes. Galina's estate is outside the city.† â€Å"How far?† That smile twisted a little. â€Å"I know what you're doing, and I'm not going to give you that sort of information.† â€Å"Then what are you doing?† I demanded, all of my pent-up fear bursting out as anger. â€Å"Why are you holding me here? Kill me or let me go. And if you're going to just lock me up and torture me with mind games or whatever, then I really would rather you kill me.† â€Å"Brave words.† He stood up and began pacing once more. â€Å"I almost believe you.† â€Å"They're true,† I replied defiantly. â€Å"I came here to kill you. And if I can't do that, then I'd rather die.† â€Å"You failed, you know. On the street.† â€Å"Yeah. I kind of figured that out when I woke up here.† Dimitri made an abrupt turn and was suddenly standing in front of me, moving with that lightning-fast Strigoi speed. My Strigoi-nausea had never gone away, but the more time I spent with him, the more it faded to a low-level sort of background noise that I could more or less ignore. â€Å"I'm a little disappointed. You're so good, Rose. So very, very good. You and your friends going around and taking down Strigoi caused quite a stir, you know. Some Strigoi were even afraid.† â€Å"But not you?† â€Å"When I heard it was you†¦ hmm.† He turned thoughtful, eyes narrowing. â€Å"No. I was curious. Wary. If anyone could have killed me, it would have been you. But like I said, you hesitated. It was your ultimate test of my lessons, and you failed.† I kept my face blank. Inside, I was still beating myself up over that moment of weakness on the street. â€Å"I won't hesitate next time.† â€Å"There won't be a next time. And anyway, as disappointed as I am in you, I'm still glad to be alive, of course.† â€Å"You aren't alive,† I said through gritted teeth. God, he was so, so close to me again. Even with the changes to his face, the lean and muscled body was the same. â€Å"You're dead. Unnatural. You told me a long time ago you'd rather die than be like this. That's why I'm going to kill you.† â€Å"You're only saying that because you don't know any better. I didn't either back then.† â€Å"Look, I meant what I said. I'm not playing your game. If I can't get out of here, then just kill me, okay?† Without warning, he reached out and ran his fingers along the side of my face. I gasped. His hand was ice cold, but the way he touched me†¦ again, it was the same. Exactly the same as I remembered. How was this possible? So similar†¦ yet so different. All of a sudden, another of his lessons came to mind, about how Strigoi could seem so, so like those you'd once known. It was why it was so easy to hesitate. â€Å"Killing you†¦ well, it's not that simple,† he said. His voice dropped to a low whisper again, like a snake slithering against my skin. â€Å"There's a third option. I could awaken you.† I froze and stopped breathing altogether. â€Å"No.† It was the only thing I could say. My brain couldn't come up with anything more complex, nothing witty or clever. His words were too terrifying to even begin to ponder. â€Å"No.† â€Å"You don't know what it's like. It's†¦ amazing. Transcendent. All your senses are alive; the world is more alive-â€Å" â€Å"Yeah, but you're dead.† â€Å"Am I?† He caught hold of my hand and placed it over his chest. In it, I could feel a steady beating. My eyes widened. â€Å"My heart beats. I'm breathing.† â€Å"Yeah, but†¦Ã¢â‚¬  I tried desperately to think of everything I'd ever been taught about Strigoi. â€Å"It's not really being alive. It's†¦ it's dark magic reanimating you. It's an illusion of life.† â€Å"It's better than life.† Both of his hands moved up and cupped my face. His heartbeat might have been steady, but mine was racing. â€Å"It's like being a god, Rose. Strength. Speed. Able to perceive the world in ways you could never imagine. And†¦ immortality. We could be together forever.† Once, that was all I'd ever wanted. And deep inside of me, some part still wished for that, wished desperately to be with him for all time. Yet†¦ it wouldn't be the way I wanted it. It wouldn't be like it used to be. This would be something different. Something wrong. I swallowed. â€Å"No†¦Ã¢â‚¬  I could barely hear my own voice, barely even form the words with him touching me like that. His fingertips were so light and gentle. â€Å"We can't be.† â€Å"We could.† One of his fingers trailed down the side of my chin and came to rest on the artery in my neck. â€Å"I could do it quickly. There'd be no pain. It'd be done before you even knew it.† He was probably right. If you were forced to become Strigoi, you had the blood drained from you. Then a Strigoi would usually cut himself and bring that blood to your lips. Somehow, I imagined I'd pass out before I was even half-drained. Together forever. The world blurred a little. I don't know if it was because of my head trauma or the terror coursing through my body. I had envisioned a hundred scenarios when I set out after Dimitri. Becoming a Strigoi hadn't been one of them. Death-his or mine-had been the only thought consuming me, which had been stupid on my part. My sluggish thoughts were interrupted when the door suddenly opened. Dimitri turned, shoving me away hard so that he stood protectively in front of me. Two people entered, shutting the door before I could even consider running for it. One of the newcomers was a Strigoi, a guy. The other was a human woman carrying a tray, her head bowed down. I recognized the Strigoi immediately. It was hard not to; his face haunted my dreams. Blond hair, about the length of Dimitri's, hung over the side of a face that looked like he'd been in his early twenties when he turned. He had apparently seen Lissa and me when we were younger, but I had only seen him twice before. Once had been when I fought him on the Academy's grounds. The other time was when I'd encountered him in the cave that other Strigoi were using as a hangout. He was the one who had bitten and turned Dimitri. The guy barely spared me a glance and instead turned the full force of his anger on Dimitri. â€Å"What the hell is going on?† I had no trouble understanding him. He was American. â€Å"You're keeping some pet up here?† â€Å"It's none of your concern, Nathan.† Dimitri's voice was ice. Earlier, I'd thought he conveyed no emotion in his words. Now I realized it was just more difficult to detect. There was a clear challenge in his voice now, a warning for this other guy to back off. â€Å"Galina gave me permission.† Nathan's eyes drifted from Dimitri to me. His anger turned to shock. â€Å"Her?† Dimitri shifted slightly, putting himself directly in front of me now. Some rebellious part wanted to snap that I didn't need a Strigoi's protection, except†¦ well, I kind of did. â€Å"She was at the school in Montana†¦ We fought†¦Ã¢â‚¬  His lips curled back, showing his fangs. â€Å"I would have tasted her blood if that fire-using Moroi brat hadn't been around.† â€Å"This doesn't have anything to do with you,† replied Dimitri. Nathan's red eyes were wide and eager. â€Å"Are you kidding? She can lead us to the Dragomir girl! If we finish that line off, our names will be legendary. How long are you going to keep her?† â€Å"Get out,† growled Dimitri. â€Å"That's not a request.† Nathan pointed at me. â€Å"She's valuable. If you're going to keep her around as some blood whore plaything, at least share. Then, we'll get the information and finish her.† Dimitri took a step forward. â€Å"Get out of here. If you lay a hand on her, I will destroy you. I will rip your head off with my bare hands and watch it burn in the sun.† Nathan's fury grew. â€Å"Galina won't allow you to play house with this girl. Even you don't have that much favor.† â€Å"Don't make me tell you to leave again. I'm not in a patient mood today.† Nathan said nothing, and the two Strigoi stood there in a staring match. I knew Strigoi strength and power were partially related to age. Nathan had obviously been turned first. I didn't know by how much, but watching them, I got the feeling that Dimitri might be stronger or that it was at least a very, very even match. I could have sworn I saw a glimpse of fear in Nathan's red eyes, but he turned away before I could get a good look. â€Å"This isn't over,† he snapped, moving toward the door. â€Å"I'm talking to Galina.† He left, and for a moment, nobody moved or spoke. Then Dimitri looked at the human woman and said something in Russian. She'd been standing there, frozen. Leaning over, she carefully placed her tray on the coffee table by the couch. She lifted a silver lid up, revealing a plate of pepperoni pizza loaded with cheese. Under any other circumstances, someone bringing me pizza in a Strigoi home would have been ludicrous and funny. Now, in the wake of Dimitri's threat to turn me Strigoi and Nathan's desire to use me to get to Lissa, nothing was funny. Even Rose Hathaway had limits when it came to making jokes. Next to the pizza was a huge brownie, thick with frosting. Food I loved, as Dimitri well knew. â€Å"Lunch,† he said. â€Å"Not poisoned.† Everything on the tray looked amazing, but I shook my head. â€Å"I'm not going to eat.† He arched an eyebrow. â€Å"Do you want something else?† â€Å"I don't want anything else because I'm not going to eat anything at all. If you aren't going to kill me, then I'll do it myself.† It was occurring to me that the suite's lack of weapons was probably for my own protection as much as theirs. â€Å"By starving to death?† There was dark amusement in his eyes. â€Å"I'll awaken you long before then.† â€Å"Why aren't you just doing it now?† â€Å"Because I'd rather wait for you to be willing.† Man, he really did sound like Abe, except that breaking one's kneecaps seemed kind of soft-core in comparison. â€Å"You're going to be waiting a long time,† I said. Dimitri laughed out loud then. His laughter had been rare as a dhampir, and hearing it had always thrilled me. Now it no longer had that rich warmth that had wrapped all around me. It was cold and menacing. â€Å"We'll see.† And before I could form a reply, he moved in front of me again. His hand snaked behind my neck, shoving me against him, and he tilted my face up, pressing his lips against mine. They were as cold as the rest of his skin†¦ and yet there was something warm in there, too. Some voice in me screamed that this was sick and horrible†¦ but at the same time, I lost track of the world around me as we kissed and could almost pretend we were back together in the cabin. He pulled away as quickly as he'd moved in, leaving me gasping and wide-eyed. Casually, like nothing had happened, he gestured to the woman. â€Å"This is Inna.† She looked up at the sound of her name, and I saw she was no older than me. â€Å"She works for Galina too and will check in on you. If you need anything, let her know. She doesn't speak much English, but she'll figure it out.† He said something else to her, and she meekly followed him to the door. â€Å"Where are you going?† I asked. â€Å"I have things to do. Besides, you need time to think.† â€Å"There's nothing to think about.† I forced as much defiance into my words as I could. It must not have sounded very fierce, though, because all my speech earned me was one mocking smile before he left with Inna, leaving me alone in my luxurious prison.

Issuing the Draft Essay

In response to the first argument in favor of volunteer enlistment, I would counter that the overall effect would continue to support the status quo in that privileged and wealthy Americans would not have an urgent need to enlist. Due to this economic division between classes, the lower class sector would continue to be the majority of soldiers because of a lack of better options in civilian society. In this general sense the moral of the ‘volunteer’ would not increase but would remain either indifferent or resentful. Making the draft mandatory could be seen as an equalizing force that supports the doctrine that ‘all men are created equal,’ whether or not that be the case. Response to second argument: Responding to the second argument against the draft due to the lack of funding by the part of the government, I would contend that the volunteering aspect would cut the overall size of the military because of the negative perspective that the government is mis-appropriating their funds. If this were the case, volunteers would feel no urgent necessity to enlist because they would feel their efforts would not be recognized or supported sufficiently enough to warrant such a life changing decision. Although I agree that volunteers who join causes they believe in will ultimately perform with more vigor, in this case the moral boost would be ever-vanishing.

Oreos v.s chips ahoy Essay Example

Oreos v.s chips ahoy Essay Example Oreos v.s chips ahoy Paper Oreos v.s chips ahoy Paper Chips Ahoy Is healthier Ores has so much fat. Many people has heart problems from eating Ore cookies all time. Im carving for something creamy. To start off, Chips Ahoy Is way healthier than Ore cookies. For example Ore cookies have more sugar than Chips Ahoy. Chips Ahoy has 11 grams of sugar and Ores has 14 grams of sugar. Although this doesnt seem like a lot, most people have the tendency to have more than one serving especially when eating cookies. In recent studies people eat about 8,000 Ore cookies in their lifetime. This is resulting in to 112,000 fats in a lifetime or about 4 Ore cookies everyday which is more than a serving size every day. Wow that a lot a fat each day! To keep things going, Ores has caused many people to have heart problems. 100 million people get diagnosed with heart robbers and Ore cookies are one of the leading problems. One of the biggest issues in Ores is that they fry the Ores. Even though the Ore industry is still growing and changing ever day, people still dont get the Idea that this is bad for us. So why are we eating a dessert than upraises the chances of getting these heart problems? To wrap things up, I think Chips Ahoy Is a great cookie. It Is healthier and many people has heart problem form eating too much Ores. Which one would you choose?

How to Write a Narrative Essay or Speech

How to Write a Narrative Essay or Speech A narrative essay or speech is used to tell a story, often one that is based on personal experience. This genre of work comprises works of nonfiction that hew closely to the facts and follow a logical chronological progression of events. Writers often use anecdotes to relate their experiences and engage the reader. In doing so, you can give your narrative a level of emotional appeal. It can be serious or humorous, but this emotional appeal is essential if you want to  give your audience some way to connect with your story. The most successful narrative essays usually share these three basic traits:They make a central point.They contain  specific details  in  support  of that point.They are clearly  organized  in time. Constructing the Essay Magazines like the New Yorker and websites like Vice are known for the pages-long narrative essays they publish, sometimes called long-format journalism. But an effective narrative essay can be as short as five paragraphs. As with other kinds of essay writing, narratives follow the same basic outline: Introduction: This is the opening paragraph of your essay. It contains the hook, which is used to grab the readers attention, and the thesis or topic, which youll detail in the next section.Body: This is the heart of your essay, usually three to five paragraphs in length. Each paragraph should contain one example, such as a personal anecdote or noteworthy event, that supports your larger topic.Conclusion: This is the final paragraph of your essay. In it, youll sum up the main points of the body and bring your  narrative to an end. Writers sometimes embellish the conclusion with an epilogue or a takeaway. Narrative Essay Topics Choosing the topic for your essay may be the hardest part. What youre looking for is a particular incident that you can recount in a well-developed and clearly organized essay  or speech. We have a few ideas to help you brainstorm topics. Theyre quite broad, but something will surely spark an idea. An embarrassing experienceA memorable wedding or funeralAn exciting minute or two of a football game (or  another sporting event)Your first or last day at a job or new schoolA disastrous dateA memorable moment of failure or successAn encounter that changed your life or taught you a lessonAn experience that led to a renewed faithA strange or unexpected encounterAn experience of how technology is more trouble than its worthAn experience that left you disillusionedA frightening or dangerous experienceA memorable journeyAn encounter with someone you were in awe of or afraid ofAn occasion when you experienced rejectionYour first visit to the countryside (or to a large city)The circumstances that led to the breakup of a friendshipAn experience that showed that you should be careful of what you wish forA significant or comic misunderstandingAn experience that showed how appearances can be deceivingAn account of a difficult decision that you had to makeAn event that marked a turning point in your life An experience that changed your viewpoint on a controversial issueA memorable encounter with someone in authorityAn act of heroism or cowardiceAn imaginary encounter with a real personA rebellious actA brush with greatness or deathA time that you took a stand on an important issueAn experience that altered your view of someoneA trip that you would like to takeA vacation trip from your childhoodAn account of a visit to a fictional place or timeYour first time away from homeTwo different versions of the same eventA day when everything went right or wrongAn experience that made you laugh until you criedThe experience of being lostSurviving a natural disasterAn important discoveryAn eyewitness account of an important eventAn experience that helped you grow upA description of your secret placeAn account of what it would be like to live as a particular animalYour dream job and what it would be likeAn invention youd like to createA time when you realized your parents were rightAn account of your earliest memory Your reaction when you heard the best news of your lifeA description of the one thing you cant live without Other Types of Essays Narrative essays are one of the three major essay types. The others are: Argumentative: In these essays, the writer makes the case for a specific opinion on a topic, using research and analysis to persuade the reader.Descriptive: This kind of writing relies on detail to describe or define a person, place, thing, or experience. Writing may be either objective or subjective.Expository: Like argumentative essays, expository writing requires research and analysis in order to expound upon a subject. Unlike argumentative essays, the intention is not to change the readers  opinion but to inform the readers. Sources Angelli, Elizabeth; Baker, Jack; and Brizee, Allen. Essay Writing. Perdue.edu. 9 February 2018.Beck, Kate. Instructions to Write a Narrative Essay. SeattlePI.com.Santa Barbara City College staff. Structure of a Personal Narrative Essay. SBCC.edu.

Islamic Philosophy and Law Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Islamic Philosophy and Law - Essay Example The result was a split between the Sunnis, who sought elections, and the Shi-ites, who sought a heritage accession. Now, the rift has meant further difference between the two groups of Islam who have claimed their respective leaders as political figures (in the case of the Sunnis) and prophets with divine insight (in the case of the Shi-ites). As such, followers of both sects have a different kind of respect for their leader and for the modern translations of ancient Islamic texts. Islamic law is very specific, with rules governing everything from punishments for stealing or adultery to the proper methods for burying the dead or how to conduct business. Sunni law is based on four different schools: Hanafi, Maliki, Shafii and Hanbali, with specific reference to both the Qur'an and the Sunnah as perfected doctrine. While Sunni laws are quite similar to Shi-ite laws in that they subscribe to both major texts, the major differences in law are in terms of modern society. As Shi-ites put faith in their divine leaders (Imams) to show them towards the path of religious enlightenment through Islamic law, the majority of Sunnis instead believe that with democratic elections their people might be able to use religious doctrine to the best of their abilities in politics. Both sides are adamant in their interpretations of Islamic belief and law, and as such are often at violent odds with one another. Sunnis reason that it is through the already perfected Islamic texts that Muslims will find enlightenment, while Shi-ites conversely believe that the descendents of Muhammad are able to bring deeper insights to the previous texts and offer a better way of life for the future. Because of these differences, inheritance laws and punishment laws differ between the two Islamic sects and no permanent common ground has been cultivated as yet. Not unlike the rift between Catholics and the Orthodox Church, Sunni and Shi-ite Muslims have both grown past their original religious teachings to such an extent that the two can never come back together; in terms of governance this proves to be a continuously difficult challenge in the Middle East. Islamic philosophy has been influenced a great deal by the Persian (or in modern terms Iranian) theologian Al-Ghazali, who lived from 1058 to 1111. Al-Ghazali believed that every event and interaction was occasionalistic, or the will of god as opposed to a simple physical reality. He wrote a book called The Incoherence of the Philosophers in the 11th century that would change the face of Islamic theology greatly for years to come; the book moved the Islamic school of thought from its focus on Greek philosophers Aristotle and Plato towards a more rigorously religious point of view. Where Islamic scholars of past centuries had celebrated the teachings of Greeks like Plato and Socrates, Al-Ghazali denounced the men as non-believers and encouraged his fellow Muslims to embrace their religion instead of thinking outside of it. He made clear his belief that supporters of Greek philosophy were being disloyal to Islam, and literally hundreds of Muslims gathered to hear these theories where h e lectured at the Al-Nizamiyya